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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vovr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Высшее образование в России  (Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii  = Higher Education in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-3617</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0459</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow Polytechnic University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31992/0869-3617-2020-29-8-9-71-84</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vovr-2395</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВЫСШЕЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ: КРИТИЧЕСКИЙ ДИСКУРС</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HIGHER EDUCATION: CRITICAL DISCOURSE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Талгенизм» в эпоху цифровизации: отечественная история cMOOC</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>«Talgenism» in the Digital Age: A Domestic History of cMOOC</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабаева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babaeva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бабаева Марина Алексеевна – канд. физ.-мат. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina A. Babaeva – Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Assoc. Prof.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maalba@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубев</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubev</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Голубев Евгений Борисович – зам. главного редактора журнала «Санкт-Петербургский университет»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny B. Golubev – Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the journal «Saint Petersburg University»</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egolubev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>8-9</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бабаева М.А., Голубев Е.Б., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабаева М.А., Голубев Е.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Babaeva M.A., Golubev E.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2395">https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2395</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрены вопросы трансформации образовательного пространства в современную эпоху тотальной цифровизации. Отмечена слабость теоретического фундамента электронного обучения в условиях массовой практики его внедрения и применения. Обсуждается правомерность применения традиционных теорий к электронному обучению в радикально изменившейся образовательной среде и необходимость разработки новой теории. Когнитивизм, конструктивизм, бихевиоризм и др. являются базой традиционной педагогической системы (классно-урочной в школе и лекционно-семинарской в вузах). Показано, что иную педагогическую систему представляет коннективизм – теоретическая конструкция Дж. Сименса, созданная как «теория цифровой эпохи». На основе коннективизма и для его изучения Дж. Сименс и С. Даунс создали первые массовые открытые онлайн-курсы cMOOC, – и теоретическая конструкция получила практическое воплощение. Обнаружена ещё одна, сходная с коннективистской, технология обучения, в основе которой также лежит отличная от традиционной педагогическая система. Это дало возможность придать «теории обучения цифровой эпохи» заметный «исторический объём». Корни современного коннективизма массовых открытых онлайн-курсов были обнаружены в России. Сто лет назад известный педагог А.Г. Ривин впервые реализовал идею коллективного взаимообучения. Этот метод, названный Ривиным «талгенизмом» (от слов «талант», «гений»), опирался на «диалогическое общение» в переменных парах и позволял достичь невероятных результатов в совместном обучении людей разного возраста и разного уровня подготовки. Прослежены исторические вехи развития метода коллективного взаимообучения в России. Обнаружены документальные свидетельства об экспериментах по созданию принципиально иной педагогической системы, существенно отличающейся от традиционной. Показано, что метод коллективного взаимного обучения (талгенизм) российского педагога А.Г. Ривина и технология современного коннективизма, реализованная в массовых открытых онлайн-курсах сМООC канадских исследователей Дж. Сименса и С. Даунса, имеют общие ключевые особенности. Установлено, что, несмотря на временной и географический разрыв (Россия, 1918 г. и Канада, 2008 г.), каждая из этих технологий делает возможным принципиально новый процесс обучения (ориентированный на потребности обучающегося), организация которого практически недостижима при традиционной классно-урочной или лекционно-семинарской системе. Обе технологии представлены как эффективные практические воплощения новой парадигмы образования, что позволяет внимательно и всесторонне изучить её элементы. Сделан вывод о предпосылках создания новой теории обучения, которая стала бы фундаментом альтернативной педагогики нового времени, отличной от традиционной, и смогла бы претендовать на статус общей теоретической базы не только дистанционного, электронного, но и аудиторного обучения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors consider the questions of the transformation of educational space in the modern digital era. They focus on the weakness of the theoretical foundation of e-learning in the context of mass practice of its implementation and application and discuss the legitimacy of applying traditional theories to e-learning in a radically changed educational space and the need to develop a new theory. Cognitivism, constructivism, and behaviorism are the basis of the traditional pedagogical system (class-lesson in school and lecture-seminar in universities). It is shown that a different pedagogical system is represented by connectivism – the theoretical construction of G. Siemens who created it as a “theory of the digital age.” On the basis of connectivism and for its study, G. Siemens and S. Downs have developed the first massive open online courses (cMOOC) – and this theoretical design was put into practice. One more learning technology similar to the connectivism was discovered, which is also based on a pedagogical system different from the traditional one. This made it possible to give the “learning theory of the digital age” a noticeable “historical volume”. The roots of the modern connectivism of massive open online courses have been discovered in Russia. One hundred years ago, the famous teacher Alexander Rivin for the first time realized the idea of collective mutual learning. This method which he called “talgenism” (a derivative of “talent” and “genius”) relied on “dialogical communication” in variable pairs and allowed to achieve incredible results in the joint training of people of different ages and different levels of training. The article traces the historical milestones of the development of the method of collective mutual learning in Russia and adduces the documentary evidence of experiments on the creation of a fundamentally different pedagogical system. The authors argue that the method of collective mutual learning (talgenism) of the Russian teacher A.G. Rivin and the technology of modern connectivism implemented in the massive open online courses with cMOOC of Canadian researchers G. Siemens and S. Downs have common key features. Despite the time and geographical gap (Russia, 1918 and Canada, 2008), each of these technologies makes it possible a fundamentally new learning process focused on the needs of a student, the organization of which is practically unattainable with a traditional class-lesson or lecture-seminar system. Both technologies are presented as effective practical implementations of the new education paradigm, which allows us to carefully and comprehensively study its elements. A conclusion is drawn on the prerequisites for the creation of a new learning theory which would become the foundation for a new time alternative pedagogy which could claim the status of a general theory, a base not only for distance, electronic, but also for classroom learning.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>массовые открытые онлайн-курсы</kwd><kwd>cMOOCК</kwd><kwd>коннективизм</kwd><kwd>метод коллективного взаимообучения</kwd><kwd>талгенизм</kwd><kwd>А.Г. Ривин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>MOOСs (massive open online courses)</kwd><kwd>cMOOC</kwd><kwd>connectivism</kwd><kwd>method of collective mutual learning</kwd><kwd>“talgenism”</kwd><kwd>Аlexander Rivin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaplan A.M., Haenlein M. 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