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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vovr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Высшее образование в России  (Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii  = Higher Education in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-3617</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0459</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow Polytechnic University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31992/0869-3617-2021-30-4-36-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vovr-2739</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЛОСОФИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Амбивалентность научного этоса непреодолима</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Ambivalence of the Scientific Ethos Is Irresistible</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касавин</surname><given-names>И. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasavin</surname><given-names>I. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Касавин Илья Теодорович – д-р филос. наук, проф., член-корреспондент РАН, руководитель сектора социальной эпистемологии109240, г. Москва, ул. Гончарная, 12, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya T. Kasavin – Dr. Sci. (Philosophy), Prof., Correspondent Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of social epistemology</p><p>2, bldg 1, Goncharnaya str., Moscow, 109240</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">itkasavin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт философии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>RAS Institute of Philosophy, Moscow, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Касавин И.Т., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Касавин И.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kasavin I.Т.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2739">https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2739</self-uri><abstract><p>Амбивалентность научного этоса (Р. Мертон) сегодня, в условиях обострения противоречий между наукой и обществом, по-прежнему остаётся актуальной темой. Автономия науки, солидарность учёных перед лицом внутренних и внешних вызовов – это вопросы, решение которых обременено рядом антиномий, среди них такие, как «профессия – призвания», «индивид – коллектив» и «априорное – апостериорное». Можно ли избавить этику науки, призванную вырабатывать и репрезентировать моральные нормы для научного сообщества, от амбивалентности? В статье предлагается набросок этики науки, объединяющий эпистемологию добродетелей с некоторыми идеями Дж. Ролза и У. Парето. Показывается, что в структуре ролей и статусов научного сообщества неустранимо присутствует этическая оценка, а эпистемические добродетели переплетены с моральными. В свете этого обстоятельства амбивалентность – это форма проблематизации, органически присущая всякому этическому дискурсу. Поэтому специфическая задача этики науки состоит не столько в описании норм или предписывании норм поведения конкретному субъекту, сколько в экспликации условий моральной свободы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Ambivalence of the scientific ethos (R. Merton) today is still a topical issue under the escalation of contradictions between science and society. The autonomy of science, the solidarity of scientists in the face of internal and external challenges are the issues decisions of which are burdened by a number of antinomies such as “profession – vocation”, “individual – collective” and “a priori – a posteriori”. Is it possible to rid the ethics of science, designed to develop and represent moral norms for the scientific community, from this ambivalence? The article offers a sketch of the ethics of science, combining virtue epistemology with some ideas of J. Rawls and W. Pareto. It shows that the ethical assessment is irreparably present in the structure of roles and statuses in the scientific community, and epistemic virtues are intertwined with moral ones. In terms of this, ambivalence is a form of problematization inherent in any ethical discourse. Hence the task of the ethics of science is not to prescribe norms of behavior to a particular agent, but to explicate conditions of moral freedom.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>этика науки</kwd><kwd>амбивалентность научного этоса</kwd><kwd>эпистемология добродетелей</kwd><kwd>антиномия</kwd><kwd>профессия – призвание</kwd><kwd>индивид – коллектив</kwd><kwd>априори – апостериори</kwd><kwd>моральная свобода</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ethics of science</kwd><kwd>ambivalence</kwd><kwd>virtue epistemology</kwd><kwd>autinomy</kwd><kwd>profession – vocation</kwd><kwd>individual – collective</kwd><kwd>a priori – a posteriori</kwd><kwd>moral freedom</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ойзерман Т.И. Амбивалентность философии. М. : Канон+, 2011. 400 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oizerman, T.I. (2011). 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