vovrВысшее образование в России (Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia)Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia0869-36172072-0459Moscow Polytechnic University10.31992/0869-3617-202231-5-25-45vovr-3756Research ArticleНАПРАВЛЕНИЯ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯAREAS OF EDUCATION MODERNIZATIONКак сохранить качество при росте: практики преодоления негативных последствий массовизации аспирантурыHow to Retain Quality under Expansion: Practices to Overcome Negative Consequences of Massification in Doctoral Education Original articlehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4523-7477МалошонокН. Г.MaloshonokN G.

Малошонок Наталья Геннадьевна – кандидат социологических наук, старший научный сотрудник

Researcher ID: K-2877-2015

101000, Москва, Потаповский пер., 16 стр. 10

Natalia G. Maloshonok – Cand. Sci. (Sociology), Senior research fellow

Researcher ID: K-2877-2015

16, bldg. 10, Potapovsky alley, Moscow, 101000

nmaloshonok@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4416-2194БековаС. К.BekovaS. K.

Бекова Сауле Каэржановна – PhD, научный сотрудник

Researcher ID: H-3162-2014

101000, Москва, Потаповский пер., 16 стр. 10

Saule K. Bekova – PhD, Research fellow

Researcher ID: H-3162-2014

16, bldg. 10, Potapovsky alley, Moscow, 101000

bekova.sk@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4425-725XЖучковаС. В.ZhuchkovaS. V.

Жучкова Светлана Васильевна – младший научный сотрудник

Researcher ID: AAE-4856-2019

101000, Москва, Потаповский пер., 16 стр. 10

Svetlana V. Zhuchkova – Junior research fellow

Researcher ID: AAE-4856-2019

16, bldg. 10, Potapovsky alley, Moscow, 101000

 

szhuchkova@hse.ruЦентр социологии высшего образования Института образования НИУ ВШЭРоссияCentre for Sociology of Higher Education, Institute of Education, HSE UniversityRussian Federation2022190520223152545Copyright © Малошонок Н.Г., Бекова С.К., Жучкова С.В., 20222022Малошонок Н.Г., Бекова С.К., Жучкова С.В.Maloshonok N.G., Bekova S.K., Zhuchkova S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3756

Как показывает российский и мировой опыт, массовизация аспирантуры – это не только драйвер социально-экономического развития, но и существенный вызов для национальной политики в области высшего образования и науки. Увеличение спроса на аспирантуру может привести к колоссальному снижению качества подготовки выпускников, если не будут реализованы специальные меры по обеспечению качества диссертаций и поддержки аспирантов, научных руководителей и аспирантских программ в целом. В мировой практике насчитываются десятки практик обеспечения качества массовой аспирантуры. В статье мы рассматриваем три из них: 1) диверсификация аспирантских программ; 2) кооперация с индустрией и бизнесом; 3) повышение качества научного руководства. Представленные практики пока не были реализованы в российской аспирантуре на системном уровне. Однако мы считаем, что они наиболее релевантны и потенциально полезны для российского контекста, поскольку могут улучшить эффективность аспирантской подготовки с точки зрения количества и качества защит, а также повысить подготовленность выпускников аспирантуры к выходу на рынок труда.

As Russian and international experience shows, the massification of doctoral education is not only a driver of socio-economic development, but also a significant challenge for national policy in the field of higher education and research. The increase in demand for doctoral studies can lead to an enormous decrease in the quality of training unless particular measures for quality assurance and support are implemented. There are dozens of such practices worldwide. In this article, we consider three of them: 1) diversification of doctoral programs; 2) collaboration with industry and business; and 3) improving the quality of supervision. These practices have not yet been implemented in Russian doctoral programs on a systemic level. However, we believe that they are the most relevant and potentially useful for the Russian context, as they can improve the efficiency of doctoral training in terms of the number and quality of defenses, as well as increase the level of graduates’ preparation for the labor market.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.