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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vovr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Высшее образование в России  (Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii  = Higher Education in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-3617</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0459</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow Polytechnic University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31992/0869-3617-2022-31-5-84-101</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vovr-3759</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВЫСШЕЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ: КРИТИЧЕСКИЙ ДИСКУРС</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HIGHER EDUCATION: CRITICAL DISCOURSE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Город-университет и государство-университет: методологический инструментарий Уильяма Кларка</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>University as a City and University as a State: Methodological Tools of William Clark</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пичугина</surname><given-names>В. К..</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pichugina</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пичугина Виктория Константиновна – доктор педагогических наук, профессор., департамент образовательных программ, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>101000, Москва, Потаповский переулок, 16, стр. 10; 101000, Москва, ул. Макаренко 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria K. Pichugina – Dr. Sci. (Education), Prof., Leading Researcher</p><p>16, Potapovsky per., Moscow, 101000.; 16-10, Makarenko str., Moscow, 101000</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Pichugina_V@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лурье</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lurie</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лурье Зинаида Андреевна – кандидат исторических наук, ассистент</p><p>199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zinaida A. Lurie – Cand. Sci. (History), Assistant</p><p>7-9, Universitetskaya emb., 199034, St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">z.lurie@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт образования ВШЭ; &#13;
Институт стратегии развития образования РАО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Education, National Research University Higher School of Economics; &#13;
Institute for Strategy of Education Development of the Russian Academy of Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пичугина В.К., Лурье З.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пичугина В.К., Лурье З.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pichugina V.K., Lurie Z.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3759">https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3759</self-uri><abstract><p>Методологический инструментарий Уильяма Кларка, приложимый к изучению истории и философии высшего образования, представлен в серии статей 1996–2003 гг. и особенно в его книге «Академическая харизма и истоки исследовательского университета» (2006). Это результат многолетней работы автора по множеству направлений исследований, большинству из которых ещё только предстоит оформиться как исследовательским направлениям. Автор поставил амбициозную задачу рассмотреть эволюцию академической практики (преимущественно немецкой) как процесс бюрократизации и меркантилизации образования через призму академической харизмы. Рассматривая харизматичность как один из типов легитимного господства в научном мире, У. Кларк описывает учёного не в трёх пространственных координатах, о которых он говорит во введении, а в четырёх: религия, политика, экономика, государство/город. Именно последняя обозначенная нами координата и позволяет Кларку отмечать на образовательном ландшафте города университеты, принимающие или отвергающие те или иные способы передачи академической харизмы. Другим ключевым вопросом, с которого У. Кларк начинает поиск истоков исследовательского университета, является вопрос о постепенном вытеснении устной культуры письменной, иными словами, как «говори и будь» (фраза, изобретённая авторами этой рецензии) превратилось в «публикуйся или исчезни» (афоризм, приводимый автором книги). Этот вопрос включает ряд других, на которые мы укажем ниже, анализируя академическое пространство, которое в представлении автора разбивается, собирается и снова разбивается на осколки табелей, каталогов, списков, уставов, таблиц, графиков, отчётов, анкет, досье и т.д. Несмотря на то, что перевод книги Уильяма Кларка на русский язык был осуществлён в 2017 г., предложенная им методология незаслуженно мало известна отечественным исследователям высшего образования и в целом не получила фундаментального осмысления в научной традиции. Основные её положения и будут изложены в рамках данной статьи.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>William Clark’s methodological tools applied to the study of the history and philosophy of higher education are presented in a series of articles 1996-2003 and especially in his book “Academic Charisma and the Origins of the Research University” (2006). The last was a result of Clark’s long and accurate work in many areas of research, most of which have yet formed as academic fields. The author sets an ambitious task to examine evolution of academic practice (mainly German) as a process of bureaucratization and capitalization of education through the prism of academic charisma. Considering it as one of the types of legitimate dominance in the scientific world, W. Clark describes a scholar not in three spatial coordinates (of which he talks in the introduction), but in four: religion, politics, economics, and state/city. The last allows Clark to mark universities that accept or reject certain methods of transferring academic charisma on the educational landscape of the city. Another issue that is a key to the search of the basics of research university, is the question of the gradual suppression of oral culture by writing. In other words, how “say and be” (the phrase invented by the authors of this review) turned into “print or disappear” (aphorism cited many times by the author of the book). This question includes a number of others, which we point out analyzing the academic space, which, in the author’s mind, is broken up, collected and rebroken up into fragments of tables, catalogues, lists, statutes, tables, graphs, reports, questionnaires, dossiers, etc. Despite the fact that the translation of William Clark’s book into Russian was carried out in 2017, the methodology proposed is undeservedly little known to the researchers of higher education and, in general, has not received fundamental review in the scientific tradition. Its main provisions will be outlined in the framework of this article.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Уильям Кларк</kwd><kwd>университет</kwd><kwd>харизма</kwd><kwd>академическая харизма</kwd><kwd>Оксбридж</kwd><kwd>протестанты</kwd><kwd>иезуиты</kwd><kwd>город-университет</kwd><kwd>образовательное пространство</kwd><kwd>Вебер</kwd><kwd>Фуко</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>William Clarke</kwd><kwd>university</kwd><kwd>charisma</kwd><kwd>academic charisma</kwd><kwd>Oxbridge</kwd><kwd>Protestants</kwd><kwd>Jesuits</kwd><kwd>university city</kwd><kwd>educational space</kwd><kwd>Weber</kwd><kwd>Foucault</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счёт гранта Российского научного фонда № 18-78-10001 (https://rscf.ru/ project/18-78-10001).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research is funded by the Russian Science Foundation (No. 18-78-10001, https://rscf.ru/project/18-78-10001).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cooper A., Feuerhahn W. 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