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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vovr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Высшее образование в России  (Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii  = Higher Education in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-3617</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0459</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow Polytechnic University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31992/0869-3617-2022-31-11-9-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vovr-4093</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОДГОТОВКА КАДРОВ ВЫСШЕЙ КВАЛИФИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRAINING OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О влиянии институциональных трансформаций на результативность российской аспирантуры</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Effects of Institutional Transformations on the Russian Doctoral Education Performance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8744-6042</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бедный</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bednyi</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бедный Борис Ильич – д-р. физ.-мат. наук., проф., директор Института аспирантуры и докторантуры</p><p>Researcher ID: F-1467-2017</p><p>603950, г. Нижний Новгород, просп. Гагарина, 23, корп. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris I. Bednyi – Dr. Sci. (Phys. and Math.), Prof., Director of the Institute for Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies</p><p>Researcher ID: F-1467-2017</p><p>23, Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bib@unn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6367-6532</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбаков</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybakov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыбаков Николай Валерьевич – канд. социол. наук, зам. начальника отдела Института аспирантуры и докторантуры</p><p>Researcher ID: D-3013-2018</p><p>603950, г. Нижний Новгород, просп. Гагарина, 23, корп. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay V. Rybakov – Cand. Sci. (Sociology), Deputy Head, Institute for Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies</p><p>Researcher ID: D-3013-2018</p><p>23, Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rybakov-nv@phd.unn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4425-725X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жучкова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuchkova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жучкова Светлана Васильевна – мл. науч. сотрудник Центра социологии высшего образования Института образования</p><p>Researcher ID: AAE-4856-2019</p><p>101000, г. Москва, Потаповский пер., 16, стр. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Zhuchkova – Junior research fellow, Centre for Sociology of Higher Education, Institute of Education</p><p>Researcher ID: AAE-4856-2019</p><p>6, bldg. 10, Potapovsky alley, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">szhuchkova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (UNN)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">НИУ «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">HSE University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бедный Б.И., Рыбаков Н.В., Жучкова С.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бедный Б.И., Рыбаков Н.В., Жучкова С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bednyi B.I., Rybakov N.V., Zhuchkova S.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4093">https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4093</self-uri><abstract><p>Повышение результативности института аспирантуры становится сегодня одной из центральных задач государственной политики в области науки и образования. В 2013–2015 гг. произошли радикальные изменения в системах подготовки и аттестации научных кадров, нацеленные на повышение эффективности аспирантских программ и качества диссертационных работ. Во-первых, был осуществлён переход к модели «образовательной аспирантуры», во-вторых, существенно изменились нормы и правила деятельности диссертационных советов. В настоящем исследовании изучается, как в связи с этими трансформациями изменились показатели результативности российской аспирантуры. Эмпирической базой исследования служат данные о защитах кандидатских диссертаций аспирантами 12 российских вузов выпуска 2018 г. (N=1022), собранные авторами самостоятельно с помощью техники веб-скрейпинга. В результате анализа полученных данных выявлены следующие изменения в функционировании аспирантуры: 1) снижение темпов подготовки диссертаций, перенос основного потока защит на постаспирантский период; 2) аномально высокий рост инерционности защит в общественных науках (более 80% диссертаций защищаются после окончания аспирантуры); 3) значительное снижение реальной – с учётом защит после нормативного срока – результативности аспирантуры в общественных и гуманитарных науках. Результаты исследования показывают, что традиционная практика оценки результативности по числу выпускников, защищающих диссертации в срок, не даёт представления о реальном положении дел. Для принятия адекватных управленческих решений в сфере подготовки научных кадров целесообразно обеспечить контроль динамики защит диссертаций в постаспирантский период как на уровне отдельных организаций, так и на федеральном уровне в целом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, enhancement of doctoral education performance is becoming one of the central tasks for state policy in the field of science and education. In 2013–2015 Russian doctoral education experienced radical transformations aimed to increase the performance of doctoral programs and enhance the quality of dissertations. First, doctoral education moved towards the structured (educational) model. Second, norms and rules of the work of dissertation boards changed significantly. The purpose of this study is to explore how these reforms affected the performance of doctoral education. The empirical base for the study comprises the data on dissertations defense of graduates of 2018 at 12 Russian universities (N=1022), which were collected by the authors using the web scraping technique. The main findings obtained from the analysis of these data are threefold. First, time-to-degree has increased with most of the dissertations now being defended only after the completion of the programs. Second, in social sciences, this delay of defense has intensified abnormally (80% of dissertation in this field are defended after the program completion). Third, the actual performance, i.e., one that takes into account dissertations defended after the program completion, has decreased significantly in social sciences and humanities. These results show that the traditional practice to evaluate performance based on the proportion of graduates who defend their dissertations during the normative period of time does not reflect the reality. To made adequate managerial decisions regarding doctoral education, it is necessary to arrange the monitoring of dynamics of dissertations that are defended after the program completion both on institution and state levels.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>научные кадры</kwd><kwd>аспирантура</kwd><kwd>диссертационные советы</kwd><kwd>сроки подготовки диссертаций</kwd><kwd>показатели результативности аспирантуры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>research staff</kwd><kwd>doctoral education</kwd><kwd>dissertation boards</kwd><kwd>time-to-completion</kwd><kwd>indicators of doctoral education performance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Сбор данных для исследования осуществлен в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ в 2022 году.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The data for this research were collected in the framework of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University) in 2022.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Индикаторы науки: 2022 : статистический сборник / Гохберг Л.М., Дитковский К.А., Коцемир М.Н. и др.; НИУ «Высшая школа экономики». 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