vovrВысшее образование в России (Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia)Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia0869-36172072-0459Moscow Polytechnic University10.31992/0869-3617-2022-31-11-90-105vovr-4097Research ArticleСОЦИОЛОГИЯ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯSOCIOLOGY OF HIGHER EDUCATIONФакторы выбора карьерной траектории иностранными выпускниками региональных университетов (на примере Северо-Западного федерального округа)Factors Influencing Post-Study Employment by International Graduates of Regional Universities (Case of Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7670-7286МахотаеваМ. Ю.MakhotaevaM. Yu.

Махотаева Марина Юрьевна – д-р экон. наук, проф., директор центра организации науки и академического развития

Researcher ID T-9928-2019

190121, Санкт-Петербург, Союза Печатников ул., 16

Marina Yu. Makhotaeva – Dr. Sci. (Economics), Prof., Director, Research and Academic Development Centre

Researcher ID T-9928-2019

16, Soyuza Pechatnikov str., St. Petersburg, 190121

makhotaeva@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9360-1977БакуменкоО. А.BakumenkoO. A.

Бакуменко Ольга Аркадьевна – канд. экон. наук, ведущий аналитик центра организации науки и академического развития

Researcher ID N-4372-2017

190121, Санкт-Петербург, Союза Печатников ул., 16

Olga A. Bakumenko – Cand. Sci. (Economics), Leading Analyst, Research and Academic Development Centre

Researcher ID N-4372-2017

16, Soyuza Pechatnikov str., St. Petersburg, 190121

obakumenko@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияHSE UniversityRussian Federation202229112022311190105Copyright © Махотаева М.Ю., Бакуменко О.А., 20222022Махотаева М.Ю., Бакуменко О.А.Makhotaeva M.Y., Bakumenko O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4097

Статья посвящена изучению факторов выбора карьерной траектории иностранными выпускниками региональных университетов, которые непосредственно влияют на их трудоустройство в регионах. В результате анализа зарубежного опыта авторы приходят к выводу, что трудоустройство иностранных выпускников региональных университетов является эффективным инструментом замещения миграционного оттока из периферии в мегаполисы внутри страны. Доказана сильная положительная корреляция между долей иностранных выпускников в приведённом контингенте и коэффициентом миграционного прироста за период 2015–2020 гг. в периферийных регионах Северо-Западного федерального округа РФ. Выделяются и описываются восемь вариантов миграционных траекторий образовательных мигрантов как совокупности двух выборов: образовательной и карьерной траекторий. На основе обобщения российских и зарубежных подходов систематизированы факторы выбора карьерной траектории иностранными выпускниками университетов на национальном, региональном, отраслевом, университетском и индивидуальном уровнях. В рамках онлайн-опроса иностранных выпускников университетов в периферийных субъектах СЗФО РФ определено влияние факторов каждого уровня на выбор разных вариантов миграционных траекторий, показано влияние опыта жизни в регионе и обучения в университете на изменение миграционной траектории образовательного мигранта. Доказано, что иностранные граждане из стран СНГ и Балтии могут внести наибольший вклад в развитие региональной экономики периферийных субъектов РФ. Разработаны рекомендации для органов исполнительной власти и университетов по стимулированию трудо устройства иностранных выпускников в регионе обучения после выпуска. В качестве направления дальнейших исследований предложена разработка модели определения потреб ностей региональной экономики в иностранных выпускниках, а также апробация такой модели в субъектах РФ.

The article explores the factors of career mobility choice by international graduates of regional universities, which directly affect their employment in the regions. As a result of the analysis of foreign experience, the authors come to a conclusion that locally-trained international graduates’ employment is an effective tool for replacing the migration outflow from the periphery to megalopolises. A strong positive correlation is proved between the share of international graduates in the normalized student body and the rate of migration growth for the period 2015–2020 in the peripheral subjects in the Northwestern federal district of the Russian Federation. Eight variants of educational migrants’ migration trajectories are identified and described as a combination of two choices: educational and career mobility. Based on the generalization of Russian and foreign approaches, factors of international graduates’ career mobility choice at national, regional, sectoral, university, and individual levels are systematized. Within the online survey of international graduates of Russian regional universities, influence of factors of each level on the choice of a migration trajectory was determined, the influence of the experience of living in the region and studying at the university on changing the migration trajectory was shown. It has been proved that international graduates from the CIS and Baltic countries can make the greatest contribution to the regional economy of the Russian peripheral regions. Recommendations for executive authorities and universities have been developed to stimulate international graduates’ post-study employment in the region of study. As a direction for further research, it seems expedient to develop a model for determining the needs of regional economy in locally-trained international graduates, as well as to test such a model in the peripheral territorial subjects of the Russian Federation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.