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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vovr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Высшее образование в России  (Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii  = Higher Education in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-3617</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0459</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow Polytechnic University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31992/0869-3617-2023-32-5-36-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vovr-4375</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОЛОДЁЖНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>YOUTH STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сообщества практик будущего в российских университетах: фаблабы, ЦМИТы, кружки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Communities of Practice of the Future in Russian Universities: Fablabs, Centers for Youth Innovative Creativity, Kruzhoks</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2603-0393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Земцов</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemtsov</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Земцов Дмитрий Игоревич – научный сотрудник, проректор</p><p>109028, Москва, Покровский б-р, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry I. Zemtsov – Research Fellow, Vice-Rector</p><p> 11 Pokrovsky Bulvar, 109028, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zemtsov.d@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт образования, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Education, Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Земцов Д.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Земцов Д.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zemtsov D.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4375">https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4375</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель настоящей статьи – определить, каким потенциалом конструктивных социальных изменений обладают сообщества технологических энтузиастов в российских университетах, и выявить возможные направления таких изменений. В качестве объекта исследования выбраны университетские сообщества технологических энтузиастов и площадки, на которых они работают: фаблабы, ЦМИТы, кружки. Базовая концептуальная рамка исследования – теория полей, которая утверждает, что общество – это система взаимодействующих и вложенных друг в друга социальных полей, а его изменения – это трансформация существующих социальных полей или возникновение новых. Вводится авторский термин «сообщества практик будущего», понимаемый как группа людей, объединённых общим интересом к передовым технологическим и социальным решениям, общей деятельностью и обменом знаниями, но не включённых в устойчивое социальное поле. Гипотеза настоящего исследования состоит в том, что сообщества практик будущего обладают способностью к общественным изменениям, и направления таких изменений могут быть выявлены через анализ стратегий, устойчиво применяемых в этих сообществах. Материалом для исследования стали полуструктурированные глубинные интервью лидеров и участников университетских студенческих технологических центров. В статье делается вывод о том, что два наиболее очевидных социальных поля, изменения в которых способны продуцировать сообщества технологических энтузиастов в российских университетах, – это поле технологического предпринимательства и поле образовательных инноваций. В первом из этих полей стратегии технологических энтузиастов (инициативность, проектность, разнообразие и меритократичность) даёт преимущества перед не владеющими этими стратегиями игроками. Во втором поле – образовательных инноваций – эти стратегии могут стать содержанием изменений, объединяя энтузиастов соответствующих образовательных технологий. Технооптимистический вектор социальных изменений, генерируемых университетскими сообществами технологических энтузиастов, пока не направлен в конкретное социальное поле. Однако примеры масштабных общестрановых проектов показывают, что та кое поле начинает формироваться. Вполне возможно, что современные университетские сообщества техноэнтузиастов способны породить социальное поле не менее мощное, чем их предшественники – движение технологических кружков – в начале XX века.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of this article is to determine the potential for constructive social change that can reach the communities of technology enthusiasts in Russian universities, and to identify possible directions for such changes. University communities of technology enthusiasts and the sites where they work are chosen as the object of research: fab labs, CMITs, circles. The basic conceptual framework of the research is the theory of fields, which asserts that society is a system of embedded social fields. Social changes in this theory are referred to as the transformation of existing social fields or the emergence of new ones. The term “practice of the future” is first introduced, and understood as a group of people united by common interests in advanced technological and social solutions sharing common activities and knowledge (sharing), but not included in a sustainable social field. The hypothesis of the present study is that communities of practice of the future have the capacity for social change and the directions of such changes can be identified through the analysis of strategies that are consistently applied in these communities. The semi-structured in-depth interviews of leaders and participants of university student technological centers are used as the material for the study. The article concludes that the two most obvious social fields in which communities of technology enthusiasts of Russian universities are capable of producing changes are the field of technological entrepreneurship and the field of educational innovation. In the first of these fields, the strategies of technology enthusiasts (initiative, project orientation, diversity and meritocracy) give advantages over players who do not employ these strategies. In the second field (educational innovation) these strategies can give the direction of changes, bringing together enthusiasts of relevant educational technologies. Social changes of the techno-optimistic type generated by the university communities of technology enthusiasts is not yet directed to a specific social field. However, examples of large-scale country-wide projects show that such a field is beginning to form. It is quite possible that modern university communities of technology enthusiasts are able to generate a social field no less powerful than their predecessors – the movement of technological kruzhoks – at the begining of the 20th century.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сообщества</kwd><kwd>сообщества практик будущего</kwd><kwd>управление университетами</kwd><kwd>социальный капитал</kwd><kwd>мейкеры</kwd><kwd>фаблабы</kwd><kwd>кружки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>communities</kwd><kwd>communities of practice of the future</kwd><kwd>university management</kwd><kwd>social capital</kwd><kwd>makers</kwd><kwd>fablab</kwd><kwd>student circles</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gershenfeld N.A. Fab: the Coming Revolution on Your Desktop--from Personal Computers to Personal Fabrication. Basic Books (AZ), 2005. 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