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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vovr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Высшее образование в России  (Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii  = Higher Education in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-3617</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0459</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow Polytechnic University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31992/0869-3617-2024-33-5-48-66</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vovr-4978</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция университетской автономии и академической  свободы в оценках преподавателей университетов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evolution of University Autonomy and Academic Freedom   in the Evaluation of University Faculty Members</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3402-3433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дежина</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dezhina</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дежина  Ирина  Геннадиевна  –  д-р  экон.  наук, руководитель  Аналитического  департамента научно-технологического развития; ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Research ID: F-7485-2014</p><p>121205,   г. Москва, Большой бульвар, 30, стр. 1</p><p>634050, Томск, пр. Ленина, 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina  G.  Dezhina   –  Dr.  Sci.  (Economics),  Head  of  the Analytical  Department  for  Scientific-Technological Development; Leading  Researcher</p><p>Researcher ID: F-7485-2014</p><p>30 Bol’shoy Bul’var, b. 1, 121205 Moscow</p><p>prospekt Lenina, 36, 634050, Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.dezhina@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сколковский институт науки и технологий; Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology; National Research Tomsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дежина И.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дежина И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dezhina I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4978">https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4978</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена анализу изменений университетской автономии и академической  свободы  на  протяжении  позднесоветского  и  постсоветского  времени,  какими их  видят  преподаватели  ведущих  вузов,  и  выявлению  факторов,  на  них  влияющих.  Цель статьи   –  выявить  элементы  советских  практик,  обеспечивавших,  по  мнению  преподавателей университетов, благоприятные условия для работы, и оценить возможности их использования в современных условиях.</p><p>Исследование основано на глубинных интервью, проведённых с преподавателями двух ведущих российских исследовательских университетов, расположенных в Москве и Томске. Большинство информантов имели опыт работы в университетах в советский период. Они рассуждали о степени преемственности университетской автономии и академической свободы в своих университетах и о связанных с ними наиболее эффективных управленческих практиках.</p><p>Изучение мнений показало, что советский опыт по-разному воспринимается как внутри университетов, так и между ними. Многие информанты к положительным сторонам советского  опыта  отнесли  гарантированное  государственное  финансирование  и  отлаженную систему сотрудничества с промышленностью на основе «хозяйственных договоров». Это, в свою очередь, поддерживало высокий статус преподавателей. Оценки современного периода полярные. Одни считают, что сейчас университеты достаточно автономны, и у преподавателей есть академические свободы. Другие  – что они значительно сократились, а государственный контроль усилился.</p><p>Прослеживание эволюции от советского периода к современному показало важность диверсификации, в первую очередь в формах и источниках финансирования. При этом прямой перенос успешных советских практик в современные условия вряд ли возможен.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzes the changes that have occurred in university autonomy and academic freedom in the late Soviet and post-Soviet period from the point of view of the faculty members of leading universities and the main influencing factors. The aim is to identify successful Soviet practices from the faculty members’ point of view and to assess the possibilities of their use in the current conditions.</p><p>The study is based on in-depth interviews conducted with faculty members of two leading Russian research universities located in Moscow and Tomsk. The majority of the informants had worked at the universities during the Soviet period. The informants expressed their opinions on the degree of succession  of  university  autonomy  and  academic  freedom  in  their  universities,  and  on  the  factors influencing it.</p><p>The survey revealed that the Soviet experience is perceived very differently both within and between  universities.  Positive  aspects  of  the  Soviet  experience  include  guaranteed  state  funding  and a well-established system of cooperation with industry based on “economic contracts”. These supported the high status of faculty members. Assessments of the modern period are polar. Some believe that this is the period of a reasonable degree of university autonomy and academic freedom, while others believe that it has been greatly reduced and that state control has increased.</p><p>Tracing the changes in university autonomy and academic freedom reveals the importance of di-versification, especially in funding schemes. The direct transfer of Soviet practices is hardly possible.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>университетская  автономия</kwd><kwd>академическая  свобода</kwd><kwd>преемственность</kwd><kwd>эволюция</kwd><kwd>советский опыт</kwd><kwd>финансирование науки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>university  autonomy</kwd><kwd>academic  freedom</kwd><kwd>continuity</kwd><kwd>evolution</kwd><kwd>Soviet  experience</kwd><kwd>science funding</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савельева И.М., Полетаев А.В. 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