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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vovr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Высшее образование в России  (Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii  = Higher Education in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-3617</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0459</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow Polytechnic University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31992/0869-3617-2024-33-12-9-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vovr-5274</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Научное руководство аспирантами в российских университетах: к проблеме баланса активности и результативности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Doctoral Supervision in Russian Universities: to the Problem of Balancing Activity and Performance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8744-6042</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бедный</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bednyi</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бедный Борис Ильич – д-р. физ.-мат. наук, проф., директор Института аспирантуры и докторантуры.</p><p>603950, Нижний Новгород, пр-кт Гагарина, 23, корп. 2</p><p>Researcher ID: F-1467-2017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris I. Bednyi – Dr. Sci. (Phys. and Math.), Prof., Director of the Institute for Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies.</p><p>23, Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p><p>Researcher ID: F-1467-2017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bib@unn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6367-6532</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбаков</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybakov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыбаков Николай Валерьевич – канд. социол. наук, зам. директора Института аспирантуры и докторантуры.</p><p>603950, Нижний Новгород, пр-кт Гагарина, 23, корп. 2</p><p>Researcher ID: D-3013-2018</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay V. Rybakov – Cand. Sci. (Sociology), Deputy Head, Institute for Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies.</p><p>23, Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950</p><p>Researcher ID: D-3013-2018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rybakov-nv@phd.unn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (UNN)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бедный Б.И., Рыбаков Н.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бедный Б.И., Рыбаков Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bednyi B.I., Rybakov N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5274">https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5274</self-uri><abstract><p>Научное руководство работой аспирантов относится к числу наиболее влиятельных факторов, определяющих эффективность института аспирантуры. Качественное научное руководство является не только предиктором успеха в работе над диссертацией, но также играет центральную роль в академической социализации аспирантов, формировании их идентичности. Публикации, посвящённые проблемам научного руководства, как правило, опираются на социологические опросные данные о функциях и стилях работы научных руководителей. В настоящее время существует крайне мало исследований, посвящённых измерениям результативности научного руководства. В этой статье на основе нереактивных данных о научно-педагогических работниках, назначенных руководителями аспирантов в двух крупных многопрофильных исследовательских университетах, получены количественные оценки активности и результативности их деятельности. Эмпирической базой исследования послужили данные о научных руководителях (N=515) и их аспирантах (N=1597). В центре внимания были два вопроса: 1) как влияет на результативность работы научных руководителей количество аспирантов, находящихся под их руководством? 2) существует ли взаимосвязь между результативностью работы с аспирантами и занимаемыми должностями, учёными степенями, учёными званиями и показателями научной продуктивности? Обнаружено, что распределения научных руководителей по числу аспирантов и по результатам работы с ними (числу защит) крайне неравномерны и описываются распределениями Ципфа – Парето. Наиболее результативными оказались те учёные, которые руководили работой от двух до пяти аспирантов. Группа наиболее результативных научных руководителей имеет более высокие показатели публикационной активности и цитируемости. В этой группе выше удельный вес сотрудников, занимающих научные должности, а также преподавателей, не имеющих докторской степени и профессорского звания. Предложенные в статье показатели деятельности научных руководителей, а также методы сбора, обработки и анализа информации могут найти применение в университетах при проведении мониторинга деятельности научных руководителей. На основе полученных результатов сформулирован ряд управленческих рекомендаций, направленных на повышение результативности научного руководства аспирантами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Doctoral supervision is considered one of the key factors in doctoral education performance. High-quality supervision does not merely predict the success of dissertation completion, but also plays a major role in academic community integration and identity development of doctoral students. Publications exploring problems of supervision tend to be based on surveys into mentors’ functions and advisory styles. Currently, research that aims at evaluating supervision efficiency is scarce. In the present article, we derive quantification of advisors’ activity and performance from non-reactive data on academic staff appointed to supervise doctoral students at two research-intensive multidisciplinary universities. The empirical base for the study comprises the data on research supervisors (N=515) and their doctoral students (N=1597). The paper addresses two main questions: (1) how does the number of doctoral students assigned influence a supervisor’s performance; (2) is there a correlation between a level of performance of guided students and their supervisor’s position, academic degree, academic rank and citation metrics and publication productivity. The findings imply that there is a great disparity in distribution of supervisors by number of students and by performance level (number of dissertation defenses), which is found to conform to Pareto – Zipf law. The highest performers prove to be those staff members who supervise from two to five students. That share of staff members scores higher on citation metrics and demonstrates better publication activity. A large portion of this group consists of staff holding academic positions and lecturers who do not attain a Doctor of sciences degree or academic rank. Performance indicators proposed in the article along methods of data collection, processing and analysis could have practical implications for monitoring supervisors’ activity in universities. The results obtained form basis for a number of managerial propositions to enhance supervision performance level.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>научные кадры</kwd><kwd>аспирантура</kwd><kwd>результативность аспирантуры</kwd><kwd>научный руководитель</kwd><kwd>результативность научного руководства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>research staff</kwd><kwd>doctoral education</kwd><kwd>research supervisor</kwd><kwd>doctoral education performance</kwd><kwd>supervisor performance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">. 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