vovrВысшее образование в России (Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia)Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia0869-36172072-0459Moscow Polytechnic University10.31992/0869-3617-2025-34-2-86-107vovr-5369Research ArticleСтатьиСистематический обзор финансовой поддержки аспирантов: типология практик и перспективыFinancial Support for Doctoral Students: Practices’ typologies and Perspectiveshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5741-9705БабаеваДж.BabayevaJ.

Бабаева Дженнет – стажёр-исследователь Центра социологии высшего образования

101000, Москва, Потаповский переулок, 16, стр. 10

Jennet Babayeva – Research Assistant, Centre for Sociology of Higher Education

16 Potapovskiy lane, bld. 10, Moscow, 101000

dbabaeva@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4523-7477МалошонокН. Г.MaloshonokN. G.

Малошонок Наталья Геннадьевна – канд. социол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Центра социологии высшего образования

101000, Москва, Потаповский переулок, 16, стр. 10

Natalya G. Maloshonok – Cand. Sci. (Social Sciences), Leading Research Fellow at the Center for Sociology of Higher Education

16 Potapovskiy lane, bld. 10, Moscow, 101000

nmaloshonok@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian Federation20252602202534286107Copyright © Бабаева Д., Малошонок Н.Г., 20252025Бабаева Д., Малошонок Н.Г.Babayeva J., Maloshonok N.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5369

Недостаточное финансовое обеспечение аспирантов является одной из важных проблем аспирантуры во всём мире, приводящей к существенному снижению эффективности аспирантских программ и высоким показателям отсева. Данная проблема имеет особую актуальность для России, поскольку, с одной стороны, в нашей стране наблюдаются крайне низкие показатели защит кандидатских диссертаций в установленный срок, с другой стороны, большинство аспирантов, обучающихся на очных аспирантских программах, вынуждены работать. Причём большинство из них имеют оплачиваемую работу за пределами вуза или научного института, которая не связана с их диссертационным исследованием и существенным образом отвлекает их от научной и образовательной деятельности в аспирантуре. Для решения данной проблемы на уровне государства и отдельных университетов разрабатываются и внедряются разнообразные инструменты финансовой поддержки аспирантов. Однако, несмотря на широкое применение подобных инструментов в мире, накопленный опыт в данной сфере не получил должной систематизации, что препятствует внедрению и тиражированию эффективных финансовых инструментов в разных национальных контекстах. В рамках данной работы на основе анализа публикаций, посвящённых эффективности финансовых инструментов поддержки аспирантов за период с 1980 по 2024 год, предпринимается попытка построить авторскую типологию существующих финансовых инструментов. Выделено три основных типа финансовых инструментов: 1) доступные для всех аспирантов; 2) доступные выдающимся аспирантам и предоставляемые на конкурсной основе; 3) доступные аспирантам из уязвимых социальных групп. Преимущества и недостатки каждого типа инструментов, их применимость для российской аспирантуры, а также ограничения исследований эффективности финансовой поддержки и направления для будущих научных работ обсуждаются в заключительной части статьи.

. Insufficient financial well-being of doctoral students is a crucial problem in doctoral education worldwide. This can result in a significant decrease in the effectiveness of doctoral programs and an increase in dropout rates. This problem is especially relevant for Russia because, on one hand, our country has extremely low completion rates. However, most doctoral students studying full-time are forced to pay work. A significant share of these students work outside the academy, and their work is not related to their dissertation research. Such work significantly distracts them from academic activities during their doctoral studies. To solve this problem, various financial support instruments for doctoral students are being developed and implemented by governments and universities. However, despite the widespread use of such instruments worldwide, no studies have attempted to systematize these instruments of financial support. The lack of such systematization limits opportunities for the implementation and replication of effective financial instruments in different national contexts. This study aims to construct the author’s typology of existing financial instruments based on a systematic review of publications dedicated to the effectiveness of financial instruments. Papers published between 1980 and 2024 were selected for review. Three main types of financial instruments were identified: 1) available to all doctoral students; 2) available to outstanding doctoral students and provided on a competitive basis; and 3) available to doctoral students from vulnerable social groups. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of instrument, their applicability to the Russian context, and the limitations of research on the effectiveness of financial support and directions for future research are discussed in the final part of the article.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.