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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vovr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Высшее образование в России  (Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii  = Higher Education in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-3617</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0459</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow Polytechnic University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31992/0869-3617-2025-34-6-9-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vovr-5643</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Отстающие и опережающие: как студенты используют генеративный искусственный интеллект в образовательных целях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Falling Behind and Getting Ahead: Student Use of Generative AI in Education</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4598-0631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьминов</surname><given-names>Я. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzminov</surname><given-names>Ya. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузьминов Ярослав Иванович – канд. эконом. наук, доцент, научный руководитель </p><p>101000, Москва, ул. Мясницкая, д. 20 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslav I. Kuzminov – Cand. Sci. (Economics), Academic Supervisor</p><p>20 Myasnitskaya str., Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kouzminov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4778-3287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кручинская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruchinskaia</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кручинская Екатерина Владиславовна – старший преподаватель кафедры высшей математики </p><p>101000, Москва, ул. Мясницкая, д. 20 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Kruchinskaia – Senior Lecturer, Department of Higher Mathematics</p><p>20 Myasnitskaya str., Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekruchinskaya@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3939-7909</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Груздев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gruzdev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Груздев Иван Андреевич – директор по внутренним исследованиям и академическому развитию студентов </p><p>101000, Москва, ул. Мясницкая, д. 20 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Gruzdev – Director for Internal Monitoring and Student Academic Development</p><p>20 Myasnitskaya str., Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igruzdev@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-4576</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наумов Алексей Александрович – д-р физ.-мат. наук, директор Института искусственного интеллекта и цифровых наук</p><p>101000, Москва, ул. Мясницкая, д. 20 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey А. Naumov – Dr. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Director AI and Digital Science Institute</p><p>20 Myasnitskaya str., Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anaumov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузьминов Я.И., Кручинская Е.В., Груздев И.А., Наумов А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузьминов Я.И., Кручинская Е.В., Груздев И.А., Наумов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzminov Y.I., Kruchinskaia E.V., Gruzdev I.A., Naumov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5643">https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5643</self-uri><abstract><p>В условиях развития генеративного искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) одним из вопросов, находящихся в авангарде научной дискуссии, является связь новых технологий с образованием и образовательными практиками. Исследовательское поле, посвящённое проблеме, развивается динамично – в особенности в русле пользы и вреда от использования ИИ в образовании студентами. Тем не менее при всём внимании к вопросу существуют отдельные лакуны. Во-первых, исследования слабо ориентированы на эмпирическую, устойчивую проверку гипотез об исследовании ИИ с помощью валидных методов, в особенности для российского контекста. Во-вторых, имеющиеся работы во многом сосредоточены на том, чтобы установить не вызовы, а перспективы развития. Авторы работы считают, что для того, чтобы использование ИИ в образовании стало управляемым, необходимо искать именно вызовы, что и стало основной целью данной работы. Основная задача работы – выведение эмпирических доказательств о том, что такие вызовы существуют, и установление их содержания. Для этого в статье анализируются результаты опроса студентов топовых российских вузов, проведённого авторами в 2025 г. (N=4207). Одним из самых важных выявленных вызовов стало усиление неравенства в образовательном пространстве. Оно наиболее заметно между студентами STEM- и не-STEM-специальностей – мы можем наблюдать совершенно разные рутины использования ИИ. Также заметна существенная неоднородность студентов с различными результатами (GPA) – для имеющихвысокую успеваемость ИИ становится инструментом развития, в остальных – наоборот. Данные выводы частично согласуются с обзором зарубежной и отечественной литературы, а также результатами других опросов, при этом вносят вклад в прояснение понимания и содержания вызовов, связанных с усилением образовательного неравенства. В целях преодоления разделения образовательного пространства, вызванного разным уровнем интеграции и использования ИИ, этот шаг может послужить началом формирования соответствующих образовательных стратегий, позволяющих использовать ИИ как инструмент укрепления студента, а не наоборот.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>With the rise of generative artificial intelligence (AI), the relationship between these emerging technologies and education, as well as educational practices, has become a central topic of scholarly debate. Research in this area is rapidly expanding, particularly regarding the potential benefits and drawbacks of AI use by students in education. However, despite the growing interest, certain gaps remain. Firstly, research often lacks a strong empirical foundation with rigorous hypothesis testing using validated methodologies, especially within the Russian context. Secondly, existing studies tend to focus primarily on opportunities for development rather than potential challenges. The authors believe that identifying these challenges is crucial for effectively managing the integration of AI into education, and this serves as the primary goal of this study. The core objective of this research is to provide empirical evidence supporting the existence of such challenges and to delineate their specific nature. To achieve this, we analyze data from a survey conducted by the authors in 2025, involving students from leading Russian universities (N=4207). One of the most significant challenges identified by the study is the exacerbation of inequality within the educational landscape. This is particularly evident in the disparate AI usage patterns between students in STEM fields and those in non-STEM disciplines. Furthermore, significant heterogeneity exists among students with varying academic performance (GPA). For highachieving students, AI tends to serve as a tool for enhancement, whereas for others, the opposite effect is observed. These findings are partially consistent with existing literature reviews, both domestic and international, as well as other surveys conducted on the topic. However, they contribute to a more defined understanding of the challenges associated with increasing educational inequality due to AI. Addressing the divisions within the educational sphere resulting from unequal levels of AI integration and utilization represents a crucial first step toward developing appropriate educational strategies that leverage AI as a tool to empower students, rather than the contrary.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>опрос студентов</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект (ИИ)</kwd><kwd>ИИ в образовании</kwd><kwd>цифровые помощники в образовании</kwd><kwd>образовательное неравенство</kwd><kwd>образовательные рутины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>student survey</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence (AI)</kwd><kwd>AI in education</kwd><kwd>digital assistants in education</kwd><kwd>educational inequality</kwd><kwd>educational routines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казакова Е.И., Кузьминов Я.И. 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