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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vovr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Высшее образование в России  (Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii  = Higher Education in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-3617</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0459</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow Polytechnic University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31992/0869-3617-2025-34-7-109-132</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vovr-5696</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сущность и характеристика компетенций в оценках ключевых участников образовательного процесса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Essence and Characteristics of Competences in the Assessments of Key Participants of the Educational Process</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7618-3961</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апенько</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Apenko</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Апенько Светлана Николаевна – д-р экон. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой менеджмента и маркетинга, Researcher ID: D-1661-2015, </p><p>644077, г. Омск, пр-кт Мира, д. 55а.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Apenko – Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Head of the Department of Management and Marketing, Researcher ID: D-1661-2015,</p><p>55a, Mira ave., Omsk, 644077.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apenkosn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3468-141X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукаш</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukash</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лукаш Александр Викторович – канд. филос. наук, доцент кафедры связи с общественностью, сервис и туризм, Researcher ID: GLU-5137-2022, </p><p>644077, г. Омск, пр-кт Мира, д. 55а;</p><p>644046, г. Омск, пр-кт Маркса, д. 35</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Lukash – Cand. Sci. (Philosophy), Associate Professor of the Department of Public Relations, Service and Tourism, Researcher ID: GLU-5137-2022, </p><p>Omsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Lukashs2017@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-2800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдов</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давыдов Алексей Игоревич – канд. тех. наук, доцент кафедры информационной безопасности, Researcher ID: E-1446-2019, </p><p>644046, г. Омск, пр-кт Маркса, д. 35.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey I. Davydov – Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor of the Department of Information Security, Researcher ID: E-1446-2019,</p><p>35, Marx ave., Omsk, 644046.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Davydovai@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный университет им. Ф.М. Достоевского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dostoevsky Omsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный университет им. Ф.М. Достоевского; Омский государственный университет путей сообщения (ОмГУПС)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный университет путей сообщения (ОмГУПС)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State University of Railway Transport (OSTU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>109</fpage><lpage>132</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Апенько С.Н., Лукаш А.В., Давыдов А.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Апенько С.Н., Лукаш А.В., Давыдов А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Apenko S.N., Lukash A.V., Davydov A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5696">https://vovr.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5696</self-uri><abstract><p>Вопросы интерпретации компетенций преподавательским составом, обучающимися вузов и работодателями представляют особый интерес, учитывая важность, которую занимает данное понятие при организации образовательного процесса. Целью исследования является установление близости оценок ключевых участников образовательного процесса в высшей школе относительно сущности и содержания компетенций, профессиональных и надпрофессиональных. Сбор данных осуществлялся посредством анкетного опроса и экспертного интервью, при операционализации понятий использовались теоретические разработки поведенческого и функционального методологических подходов изучения компетенций. Для сопоставления оценок использованы коэффициент Крамера (V) и корреляционный анализ Пирсона. Анкетирование и интервью проводилось в 2024 г. в г. Омске. Опрошено: (n1) 44 представителя преподавательского состава вузов; (n2) 215 обучающихся; (n3) 41 работодатель. Из проанкетированных респондентов проинтервьюировано 19 работодателей и 23 преподавателя. Результаты показали, что в ответах преподавателей в большей степени, чем у других участников образовательного процесса проявляется функциональный подход при интерпретации компетенций как понятия, в том числе профессиональных и надпрофессиональных. Работодатели в большей степени демонстрируют интегральный подход к компетенциям, объединяющий характеристики функционального и поведенческого. Анкетирование показало, что среди преподавателей значительно меньше, чем среди работодателей и обучающихся, доля респондентов, которая интерпретирует профессиональные компетенции не только в таких характеристиках как: знания, навыки и умения, но также через производные от них модели поведения. В рамках представленной работы выявление различий в оценках проводилось на основе сравнения мнений трёх ключевых участников образовательного процесса в отношении как профессиональных, так и надпрофессиональных компетенций. Это позволило провести многосубъектный анализ понимания такой важнейшей составляющей образовательного процесса, как компетенции, со стороны профессорско-преподавательского состава, обучающихся и работодателей. Особенностью проведённого многосубьектвного анализа является наличие опыта взаимодействия при реализации образовательных программ и трудоустройстве между проанкетированными и проинтервьюированными работодателями, преподавателями и обучающимися. Исследование вносит вклад в развитие компетентностного подхода при проектировании образовательных программ. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в работе по проектированию образовательных программ и профессиональных стандартов на основе согласования и учёта понимания компетенций разными участниками образовательного процесса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The interpretation of competences by teaching staff, university students and employers is of particular interest, given the importance of this concept in the organisation of the educational process. The aim of the study is to establish the proximity of the key participants of the educational process in higher education regarding the essence and content of competences: professional and supraprofessional. Data collection was carried out by means of questionnaire survey and expert interview; theoretical developments of behavioural and functional methodological approaches to studying competences were used in operationalising the concepts. The Cramer’s coefficient (V) and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to compare the assessments. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted in 2024 in Omsk. Interviewed: (n1) 44 representatives of university teaching staff; (n2) 215 students; (n3) 41 employers. Of the questioned respondents 19 employers and 23 teachers were interviewed. The results showed that teachers’ answers more than other participants of the educational process demonstrate a functional approach in interpreting competences, including professional and supra-professional ones. Employers to a greater extent demonstrate an integral approach to competences, combining functional and behavioural characteristics. The questionnaire survey has shown that among teachers the share of respondents who interpret professional competences not only in such characteristics as: knowledge, skills and abilities, but also through the behavioural models derived from them is much lower than among employers and students. Within the framework of the presented work, the identification of differences in assessments was carried out on the basis of comparing the opinions of three key participants of the educational process with regard to both professional and supraprofessional competences. This allowed us to conduct a multi-subject analysis of the understanding of such an important component of the educational process as competences on the part of the teaching staff, students and employers. The peculiarity of the conducted multi-subject analysis is the experience of interaction in the implementation of educational programmes and employment between the surveyed and interviewed employers, teachers and students. The study contributes to the development of competency-based approach in designing educational programmes. The results obtained can be used in the design of educational programmes and professional standards on the basis of coordination and consideration of the understanding of competences by different participants of the educational process.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>компетенции</kwd><kwd>профессиональные компетенции</kwd><kwd>надпрофессиональные компетенции</kwd><kwd>работодатели</kwd><kwd>обучающиеся</kwd><kwd>профессорско-преподавательский состав</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>competences</kwd><kwd>professional competences</kwd><kwd>supraprofessional competences</kwd><kwd>employers</kwd><kwd>students</kwd><kwd>educators</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы благодарят преподавателей и обучающихся университетов, работодателей принявших участие в исследовании. Исследование выполнено за счёт гранта Российского научного фонда № 24- 28-20314.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors would like to thank the teachers and students of universities and employers who participated in the study. The study was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 24-28-20314.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tyminski Q., Owens G.B. An exploration of higher education leadership competencies: knowledge, skills and attitudes // International Journal of Educational Management. 2024. Vol. 38. No. 7. P. 1990–2001. DOI: 10.1108/IJEM-02-2024-0126</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tyminski, Q., Owens, G.B. (2024). An Exploration of Higher Education Leadership Competencies: Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes. International Journal of Educational Management. 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