Genesis and Prospects of Higher Insurance Education Development in Russia

The article discusses the history and stages of development of insurance education in Russia in comparison with the development of the insurance market in 1990–2020, determines the prospects and conditions for development of insurance education. The internal and external factors that influenced the direction and rate of the market of educational services development in the field of insurance are highlighted, the reasons for the creation and liquidation of specialized departments in Russian universities are analyzed. 
Based on the analysis of the Russian insurance market in 1990-2020, an understanding of the real and reported indicators of the insurance market is being formed, the differences in which caused at the first stage the creation of a significant number of insurance departments in Russian universities, not supported by a real need for specialists, and then the liquidation of the departments with the loss of the already established competencies for training insurance specialists. In the late 2010s, the modernization processes in the requirements for insurance organizations took place, the financial stability and solvency standards were being raised, mandatory actuarial valuation and new forms of financial reporting were being introduced that required specialized knowledge, basic and professional standards were being developed and adopted with the participation of self-regulatory organizations of insurers. All of that actualized the activities of specialized insurance departments based on the integration of professional requirements fixed in professional and basic standards, and educational standards, which should allow the implementation of economically successful undergraduate and master’s programs.
The history of insurance departments in modern Russia may be of interest to researchers of the history of education in modern Russia, the origins and causes of the current state of the educational services market, periods of growth and decline in the number of active players. Based on the analysis of archival and current insurance development strategies, the article highlights the adopted basic and professional standards, prospects for the development of insurance departments, gives recommendations for interaction with professional participants of the insurance market. The revealed trends are also typical for other highly professional departments.

1. Tsyganov, A.A., Maslennikov, S.V. (2020). Organizational and Economic Mechanism of Successful Implementation of Bachelor’s Degree Insurance Programs in Europe and Russia. Economika obrazovania = Economics of Education. No. 4 (119), pp. 28-41. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43808796 (accessed 21.04.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).

2. Zlobin, E.V., Marusenkova, L.A. (2015). [Insurance Education System in Russia – History, State, Problems]. Finansy = Finance. No. 10, pp. 47-51. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25021622&ysclid=lazvu7lxsl707590126 (accessed 21.04.2022). (In Russ.).

3. Mashnikova, O.V. (2004). The Current State of Insurance Education in the Russian Federation. Uspehi sovremennogo estestvoznania = Advances in Current Natural Sciences. No. 7, pp. 141-144. Available at: https://natural-sciences.ru/ru/article/view?id=13016 (accessed 21.04.2022). (In Russ.).

4. Orlanuk-Malitskaia, L.A., Yanova, S.Y. (2021). Insurance School in the New Financial Reality. Strakhovoe delo [Insurance Business]. No. 9 (342), pp. 76-82. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47206406 (accessed 21.04.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).

5. Kharin, I.V. (2014). The Main Problems of the Organization of Training and Retraining of Insurance Personnel in the Russian Federation. Mir sovremennoi nauki [The World of Modern Science]. No. 1 (23), pp. 75-81. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=22596553&ysclid=lauwb2sju5525536323 (accessed 21.04.2022). (In Russ.).

6. Khmelnik, Yu.G. (2008). Professional Education in the Field of Insurance: State and Problems. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia. No. 6, pp. 162-165. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=11135445&ysclid=lazwq47p2f847396613 (In Russ.).

7. Kuznetsova, N.P., Chernova, G.V. (2021). From the Initiative to the Idea of Implementation of Insurance Education Forming at St. Petersburg State University. Strakhovoe delo [Insurance Business]. No. 6, pp. 33-39. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46390765&ysclid=lazwju49eo740602369 (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).

8. Orlanuk-Malitskaia, L.A. (2019). Scientific School “Insurance” of the Financial University: History and Modernity. Strakhovoe delo [Insurance Business]. No. 3, pp. 50-59. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37258171 (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).

9. Chernova, G.V. (2016). Stages of Implementation of Insurance Education at St. Petersburg State University. Strakhovoe delo [Insurance Business]. No. 3, pp. 50-62. Available at: https:// elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=26331731 (accessed 21.04.2022) (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).

10. Khitrova, E.M., Rusakova, O.I. (2015). The Role of the Department of Insurance and Risk Management in Training Specialists for the Financial Market of the Region. Izvestia Irkutskoi gosudarstvennoi ekonomicheskoi akademii = Proceedings of the Irkutsk State Economic Academy. Vol. 25, part 2, pp. 336-342, doi: 10.17150/1993-3541.2015.25(2).336-342 (In Russ. and Eng.).

11. Grishchenko, N.B. (2016). Professional Standards as a Guideline for the Labor Market and Insurance Education. Finansy = Finance. No. 10, pp. 42-46. Available at: https://publications.hse.ru/articles/226430367 (accessed 21.04.2022). (In Russ.).

12. Kirillova, N.V., Tsyganov, A.A., Gryzenkova, Yu.V. (2019). Preparation of Masters in Insurance Specialties in the Russian Federation. Perspektivy nauki i obrazovania = Perspectives of Science and Education. No. 3 (39), pp. 172-183. Available at: https://pnojournal.files.wordpress.com/2019/07/pdf_190313.pdf (accessed 21.04.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).

13. Blinova, T.N., Duizen, E.Yu. (2018). Analysis of Systems of Training and Development of Sales Personnel of Insurance Organizations in Russia (on the example of Ingosstrakh and Zetta Insurance LLC). Rossiiskoe predprinimatelstvo = Russian Entrepreneurship. Vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1891–1902, doi: 10.18334/rp.19.6.39190 (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).

14. Kolomin, E.V., Zlobin, E.V. (2007). The First All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference on Insurance Education. Finansy = Finance. No. 8, pp. 52-55. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9522128 (accessed 21.04.2022). (In Russ.).

15. Brovchak, S.V. (2019). Application of Professional Standards on the Example of Financial Market Specialists. Putevoditel’ predprinimatelya [Entrepreneur’s Guide]. No. 41, pp. 64-71. Available at: https://www.pp-mag.ru/jour/article/view/245 (accessed 21.04.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).

16. Cassidy, S.M., Marshall, R.A., Hollman, C. (2008). Future Directions in Undergraduate Insurance Education: Academic and Real World Perspectives. Risk Management and Insurance Review. Vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 89-96, doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6296.1998.tb00086.x

17. Kwon, J.W. (2014). Collegiate Education in Risk Management and Insurance Globally: Past, Present and Future. School of Risk Management, Insurance and Actuarial Science. New York : St. John’s University, 71 p. Available at: http://facpub.stjohns.edu/~KwonW/RMI_Education_Kwon_2014.pdf (accessed 21.04.2022).

18. Karl, J.B., Wells, B. (2016). Improving Perceptions of the Insurance Industry: The Influence of Insurance Professionals. Risk Management and Insurance Review. Vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 147-166, doi: 10.1111/rmir.12058

19. Rindfleish, J.M. (2003). Segment Profiling: Reducing Strategic Risk in Higher Education Management. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management. Vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 147-159, doi: 10.1080/1360080032000122624

20. Rochford, F. (2008). The Contested Product of a University Education. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management. Vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 41-52, doi: 10.1080/13600800701745044

21. Taylor, J., Baines, C. (2012). Performance Management in UK Universities: Implementing the Balanced Scorecard. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management. Vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 111-124, doi: 10.1080/1360080X.2012.662737

22. Wolverton, M., Ackerman, R., Holt, S. (2005). Preparing for Leadership: What Academic Department Chairs Need to Know. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management. Vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 227-238, doi: 10.1080/13600800500120126

23. Reitman, L.I. (Ed). (1992). Strakhovoe delo: Uchebnik [Insurance Business: Textbook]. Moscow: Bank and exchange scientific and consulting centre, 524 p. ISBN: 5-7209-0004-7. (In Russ.).

24. Orlanyuk-Malitskaya, L.A. (Ed). (2013). Strakhovoe obrazovanie: XXI vek [Insurance Education: XXI Century]. Moscow: MAKSS Group Publ., 240 p. (In Russ.).

25. Kovalyov, Yu.S. (2016). Teaching the Discipline “Insurance” in Terms of time and Motivational Constraints. Mir nauki = World of Science. Vol. 4, no. 6. Available at: http://mir-nauki.com/PDF/51PDMN616.pdf (accessed 21.04.2022). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).

26. Kotlobovsky, I.B. (2004). Actuaries are Relevant Again. Evonomicheskiye strategii [Economic Strategies]. No. 2, pp. 68-71. Available at: http://www.inesnet.ru/article/aktuariivnov-aktualny (In Russ.).