Contemporary Results of the Reforming of Higher Education in China
https://doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-12-79-92
Abstract
The paper presents the analysis of the results of the Chinese higher education system reforming in the late 20th and early 21st century, shows the dynamics of the number of higher education institutions, the number of students and graduates. The structure of graduates in educational fields from 1995 to 2016 has been analyzed. The paper also presents the dynamics of funding of the China’s universities according to official statistics of China.
The national educational reforms led to a rapid growth of the number of the universities and the number of students. Higher education has turned from the elite phenomenon to a mass one. Gross enrolment ratio in tertiary education had been increased in 9,5 times (from 1995 to 2016) and reached 42,7% in 2016. Now the Chinese government provides an extensive support to the students studying at foreign universities. It is worth mentioning that the percentage of students who had returned to China after studying abroad has been increased in three times from 28% in 1995 to 79% in 2016. The structure of graduates (according to educational fields) correlates with the needs of the growing Chinese economy: 34% of graduates have engineering professions. The largest rise of the number of graduates has been observed in economics and managerial specialties, as well as in pedagogy. The main contemporary result of the recent reforms is an international recognition of Chinese universities and a presence of the best of them in the top 100 of word university rankings.
About the Authors
S. S. Donetskaya
Novosibirsk State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Svetlana S. Donetskaya – Dr. Sci. (Economics), Prof., the Faculty of Economics
Address: 1, Pirogova str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
Tsyan’nan Tszi
Heilongjiang University
China
China
Tszi Tsyan’nan – student
Address: 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, 150080, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
References
1. Penker, I.Yu. (2018). [Internationalization of Education and Science as a Tool for Enhancing the Competitiveness of Russian Universities]. Mezhdunarodnyi zhurnal gumanitarnykh i estestvennykh nauk [International Journal of Humanities and Natural Sciences]. No. 8, pp. 154-159. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
2. Aref’ev, A.L. (2016). [Export Trends in Russian Education in 2005–2015]. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii nauk = Vestnik of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Vol. 86. No. 10, pp. 902-908. (In Russ.)
3. Komleva, V.V. (2017). [Contradictions of the Internationalization of Higher Education]. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskie yavleniya i protsessy [Social and Economic Phenomena and Processes]. Vol. 12. No. 6, pp. 469-477. (In Russ.)
4. Glebova, L.N. (2016). [Modern Forms of Organization of International Cooperation in the Field of Higher Education]. Nauka i shkola [Science and School]. No. 4, pp. 52-59 (In Russ.)
5. Filippov, V.M. (2015). [Internationalization of Higher Education: Major Trends, Challenges and Prospects]. Vestnik Rossiiskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya = Vestnik RUDN. International Relations. Vol. 15. No. 3, pp. 2013-211. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
6. Wu, H., Zha, Q. (2018). A New Typology for Analyzing the Direction of Movement in Higher Education Internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education. Vol. 22 (3), pp. 259-277.
7. Soderlundh, H. (2018). Internationalization in the Higher Education Classroom: Local Policy Goals Put into Practice. Journal of Studies in International Education. Vol. 22 (4), pp. 317-333.
8. Klochikhin, Е. (2013). [China’s Science and Innovation Policy]. Mezhdunarodnye protsessy [International Processes]. Vol. 11. No. 33, pp. 37-55. (In Russ.)
9. Wang, Yang (2018). [The Higher Education System Reforms in China in the 20th – early 21st Centuries]. Obshchestvo: sotsiologiya, psikhologiya, pedagogika [Society: Sociology, Psychology, Pedagogics]. No. 3, pp. 62-71. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
10. Guruleva, T.L. (2017). [Education System in People’s Republic of China: Structure and Main Directions of Development]. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia. No. 7 (214), pp. 152-164. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
11. Yuan, Sh. (2004). [Private Higher Education in China: Evolution, Features and Problems]. Universitetskoe upravlenie: praktika i analiz = University Management: Practice and Analysis. No. 3(31), pp. 77-80. (In Russ.)
12. Ziyatdinova, J.N., Valieva, R.S. (2012). [Reforms in the Systems of Higher Professional Education in China and Russia: Late XXth – early XXIstCenturies]. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia. No. 5, pp. 96-101. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
13. Li, Yanhui. (2015). [The New Dynamics of Higher Education in China]. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta = Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. No. 6 (28), pp. 151-160. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
14. Sachko, G.V. (2012). [Why Similar Reforms in Higher Education in Russia and China Lead to Different Results?] Evraziiskii zhurnal regional’nykh i politicheskih issledovanii [Eurasian Journal of Region and Political Research]. No. 12 (267), pp. 48-55. (In Russ.)
15. National Bureau of Statistics of China. Available at: http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/Statisticaldata/AnnualData/
16. Postiglione, G.A. (2011). Global Recession and Higher Education in Eastern Asia: China, Mongolia and Vietnam. Higher education. Vol. 62(6), pp. 789-814.
17. 1999年中国人口统计年鉴 (1999). China Population Statistics. Yearbook. Available at: http://tongji.cnki.net/kns55/navi/YearBook.aspx?id=N2005120412&floor=1 (In Chi.)
18. 2002年中国人口统计年鉴 (2002). China Population Statistics. Yearbook. Available at: http://tongji.cnki.net/kns55/navi/YearBook.aspx?id=N2005120406&floor=1 (In Chi.)
Review
Views:
1175
Email this article 