Стратифицированные маршруты в высшее образование: систематический обзор исследований транзита «колледж – вуз»

Массовизация высшего образования сделала университетский диплом распространённой и социально ожидаемой целью, одновременно усилив стратификацию внутри самой высшей школы. Для объяснения неравенства всё важнее не только факт поступления, но и то, в какие сегменты высшего образования попадают разные группы студентов. На этом фоне траектория «колледж – вуз» выступает значимым каналом входа в высшее образование и механизмом перераспределения студентов в иерархически организованном университетском поле. Статья представляет собой систематический обзор литературы и анализирует исследования, рассматривающие переход «колледж – вуз» как процесс образовательного выбора: как формируются образовательные притязания, оцениваются риски и издержки, выбирается принимающий университет и как трансформируются планы после зачисления. Обзор основан на анализе 117 публикаций, отобранных по установленным критериям включения и исключения из международного и российского корпуса исследований. Обзор показывает, что транзит социально стратифицирован и часто опосредован логикой избегания риска. Для менее ресурсных групп это способ снизить вероятность образовательного провала, сохранив доступ к диплому, а для более привилегированных – в отдельных случаях компенсаторная стратегия обхода селективных барьеров. Существенное значение имеет предшествующая институциональная среда. Колледжи, институционально связанные с вузами, чаще формируют инфраструктуру, поддерживающую транзит (доступ к информации, консультирование, согласованность учебных планов), тогда как менее связанный с высшей школой сектор усиливает неопределённость и повышает риски при поступлении и адаптации. На уровне высшего образования выбор принимающего университета, как правило, воспроизводит иерархию системы и нередко сопровождается «недоиспользованием» образовательных возможностей, закрепляя неравенство. Ключевой вывод статьи состоит в том, что литература по-прежнему сохраняет «чёрный ящик» между социальным происхождением и конкретным выбором университетов. Перспективным направлением Массовизация высшего образования сделала университетский диплом распространённой и социально ожидаемой целью, одновременно усилив стратификацию внутри самой высшей школы. Для объяснения неравенства всё важнее не только факт поступления, но и то, в какие сегменты высшего образования попадают разные группы студентов. На этом фоне траектория «колледж – вуз» выступает значимым каналом входа в высшее образование и механизмом перераспределения студентов в иерархически организованном университетском поле. Статья представляет собой систематический обзор литературы и анализирует исследования, рассматривающие переход «колледж – вуз» как процесс образовательного выбора: как формируются образовательные притязания, оцениваются риски и издержки, выбирается принимающий университет и как трансформируются планы после зачисления. Обзор основан на анализе 117 публикаций, отобранных по установленным критериям включения и исключения из международного и российского корпуса исследований. Обзор показывает, что транзит социально стратифицирован и часто опосредован логикой избегания риска. Для менее ресурсных групп это способ снизить вероятность образовательного провала, сохранив доступ к диплому, а для более привилегированных – в отдельных случаях компенсаторная стратегия обхода селективных барьеров. Существенное значение имеет предшествующая институциональная среда. Колледжи, институционально связанные с вузами, чаще формируют инфраструктуру, поддерживающую транзит (доступ к информации, консультирование, согласованность учебных планов), тогда как менее связанный с высшей школой сектор усиливает неопределённость и повышает риски при поступлении и адаптации. На уровне высшего образования выбор принимающего университета, как правило, воспроизводит иерархию системы и нередко сопровождается «недоиспользованием» образовательных возможностей, закрепляя неравенство. Ключевой вывод статьи состоит в том, что литература по-прежнему сохраняет «чёрный ящик» между социальным происхождением и конкретным выбором университетов. Перспективным направлением

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