Assessment of the (Non-)Academic Environment in Higher Education
https://doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2026-35-7-126-143
Abstract
Contemporary state policy of Russia in the sphere of higher education orients toward encouraging educational organizations to achieve national interests in scientific and technological development. The measures take an ambiguous and multidirectional impact on the academic environment. This paper presents the results of its assessment. The analysis focuses on three parameters of the academic environment: staff structure, distribution of academic workload, and remuneration. It uses data for 2014-2024 on organizations in the higher education system as a whole, as well as on four groups of universities selected according to their degree of participation in state incentive programs. Based on a comparative analysis, the paper identifies the characteristics and trends in the formation of the academic environment. The results obtain indicate a growing stratification of staff into academic and non-academic workers, accompanied by an extensive increase in the number of the latter and a shift in priorities in the distribution of internal resources in their favor. They show that organizations participating in incentive programs achieve the best results in the individual research productivity of academic staff with a lower academic workload and more decent remuneration compared to other universities. The proposed assessment approach views the organization of higher education as a socio-economic system focused on achieving planned results, including in the field of scientific activity. The operationalization of the academic environment through three parameters makes it possible to assess the conditions and limitations of individual research productivity, as well as to track the dynamics of institutional changes. This makes it possible to identify the directions of its transformation – both those that contribute to the development of research potential and those that indicate its institutional constraints.
About the Author
M. V. NiyazovaRussian Federation
Marina V. Niyazova – Cand.Sci. (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law Disciplines
Researcher ID: I-9661-2018
Scopus ID: 57205436898
41 Gogolya str., Vladivostok, 690014
References
1. Ryazanova, O., Jaskiene, J. (2022). Managing Individual Research Productivity in Academic Organizations: A Review of the Evidence and a Path Forward. Research Policy. Vol. 51, no. 2, article no. 104448, doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2021.104448.
2. Meng, Y., Pan, S., Zhu, X. (2026). Academic Environment, Directed Technical Change, and Economic Growth. Macroeconomic Dynamics. No. 30, article no. e5, doi: 10.1017/S1365100525100783.
3. Soegiarto, I., Sihite, M., Usmany, P. (2024). The Influence of Training and Development Programs, Job Autonomy, and Organizational Culture on Employee Job Satisfaction and Performance. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education. Vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1577-1583, doi: 10.56442/ijble.v5i2.596.
4. Akuneeva, T.A., Platonova, D.P. (2024). Unravelling the Tangle of Bureaucracy at Russian Universities: Administrative Profiles. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia. Vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 56-72, doi: 10.31992/0869-3617-2024-33-11-56-72 (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).
5. Baltaru, R. (2019). Do Non-Academic Professionals Enhance Universities’ Performance? Reputation Vs. Organisation. Studies in Higher Education. No. 44, pp. 1183-1196, doi: 10.1080/03075079.2017.1421156.
6. Agasisti, T., Akuneeva, T., Egorov, A., Platonova, D. (2025). Non-academic Staff and Technical Efficiency of Russian Universities 2012-2021. Applied Economics. Pp. 1-18, doi: 10.1080/00036846.2025.2547114.
7. Dezhina, I.G. (2025). Science as Perceived by Russian Classical University Faculty. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia. Vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 74-92, doi: 10.31992/0869-3617-2025-34-7-74-92 (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).
8. Bland, C.J., Ruffin, M.T. (1992). Characteristics of a Productive Research Environment Literature Review. Academic Medicine. Vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 385-397. Available at: https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/abstract/1992/06000/Characteristics_of_a_productive_research.10.aspx (accessed 29.01.2026).
9. Huang, Z., Sindakis, S., Aggarwal, S., Thomas, L. (2022) The Role of Leadership in Collective Creativity and Innovation: Examining Academic Research and Development Environments. Frontiers in Psychology. No. 13, article no. 1060412, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1060412.
10. Aboagye, E., Jensen, I., Bergstrom, G., Bramberg, E.B., Pico-Espinosa, O.J., Bjorklund, C. (2021). Investigating the Association Between Publication Performance and the Work Environment of University Research Academics: A Systematic Review. Scientometrics. No. 126, pp. 3283-3301, doi: 10.1007/s11192-020-03820-y.
11. Sizykh, A.D. (2014). Analysis of the Academic Environment as a Place of Study and Work. Voprosy obrazovaniya = Educational Studies Moscow. No. 1, pp. 92-109, doi: 10.17323/1814-9545-2014-1-92-109 (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).
12. Geiger Roger, L. (2018). Znaniya i den’gi. Issledovatel’skie universitety i paradoks rynka [Knowledge and Money. Research Universities and the Paradox of the Marketplace]. Moscow: HSE University. 408 p. ISBN: 978-5-7598-1222-7. (In Russ.).
13. Xin, H. (2025). The Well-Being of Academic Personnel in Chinese Universities; Methodology, Assessment, and Improvement Mechanisms. Kazakhstan oriental studies. Vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 122-131, doi: 10.63051/kos.2025.4.122.
14. Niyazova, M.V. (2024). Academic Research Management: Opportunities vs Limitations of Incentives. Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. Vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 12-39, doi: 10.17853/1994-5639-2024-8-12-39.
15. Smith, A. (2017). A Study on the Nature and Causes of Wealth / Adam Smith; [trans. From the English P. Klyukin]. Moscow: Eksmo, 1056 p. ISBN: 978-5-699-84994-9. (In Russ.).
16. Marx, K. (1867). Das Kapital. Kritik der politischen Ökonomie. (Russian translation Moscow : Eksmo, 2018, 1200 p. ISBN: 978-5-699-95085-0.).
17. Civera, A., Lehmann, E.E., Paleari, S. Stockinger, S.A.E. (2020). Higher Education Policy: Why Hope for Quality When Rewarding Quantity? Research Policy. Vol. 49, no. 8, doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2020.104083.
18. Banal-Estanol, A., Jofre-Bonet, M., Iori, G., Maynou, L, Tumminello, M., Vassallo, P. (2023). Performance-Based Research Funding: Evidence from the Largest Natural Experiment Worldwide. Research Policy. Doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2023.104780.
19. Hussinger, K., Carvalho, J. (2021). The Long-Term Effect of Research Grants on the Scientific Output of University Professors. Industry and Innovation. No. 29, pp. 463-487, doi: 10.1080/13662716.2021.1990023.
20. Guo, C., Hao, X., Wu, J., Hu, T. (2023). The Effect of National Higher Education Initiatives on University Rankings. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. No. 10, pp. 1-9, doi: 10.1057/s41599-023-02034-w.
21. Shattock, M. (2013). University Governance, Leadership and Management in a Decade of Diversification and Uncertainty. Higher Education Quarterly. No. 67, pp. 217-233, doi: 10.1111/hequ.12017.
22. Croucher, G., Woelert, P. (2021). Administrative Transformation and Managerial Growth: A Longitudinal Analysis of Changes in the Non-Academic Workforce at Australian Universities. Higher Education. No. 84, pp. 159-175, doi: 10.1007/s10734-021-00759-8.
23. Avenali, A., Daraio, C., Wolszczak-Derlacz, J. (2022). Determinants of the Incidence of Non-Academic Staff in European and US HEIs. Higher Education. No. 85, pp. 55-83, doi: 10.1007/s10734-022-00819-7.
24. Pandit, J. (2025). Elevating Non-Academic Roles – Professionalizing Key Functions in Indian Higher Education. Economic & Political Weekly. Doi: 10.71279/epw.v60i10.42844.
25. Rejoice, J., Bulomine Regi, S. (2025). Analysing the Causes of Stress Among Non-Academic Staff in Higher Education Institutions. Empowering Holistic Development. Doi: 10.51767/ic250445.
26. Memon, S., Bhutto, A., Chowdhry, B.S. (2025). “We Also Matter”: Investigating Organizational Support and Recognition Mechanisms for Non-Academic Staff in Public Universities. Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. Vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 380-392, doi: 10.55737/qjssh.vi-i.25341.
27. Hipolito, M., Santos, A. (2025). Faculty Profiles and Their Influence on Research Competence and Productivity in State Universities. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences. Doi: 10.21833/ijaas.2025.05.018.
28. Kwon, K., Kim, S., Park, T.-S., Kim, E.K., Jang, D. (2015). The Impact of Graduate Students on Research Productivity in Korea. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. No. 1, pp. 1-11, doi: 10.1186/s40852-015-0024-6.
29. Belavy, D., Owen, P., Livingston, P.M. (2020). Do Successful PhD Outcomes Reflect the Research Environment Rather Than Academic Ability? PLoS ONE. No. 15, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236327.
30. Torkunov, A.V. (2019). University as a Part of National Economy. Voprosy Ekonomiki [Economic Issues]. No. 12, pp. 111-122, doi: 10.32609/0042-8736-2019-12-111-122 (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).
31. Kenny, J. (2017). Academic Work and Performativity. Higher Education. No. 74, pp. 897-913, doi: 10.1007/s10734-016-0084-y.
32. Yin, Zh., Liang, Zh., Zhi, Q. (2018). Does the Concentration of Scientific Research Funding in Institutions Promote Knowledge Output? Journal of Informetrics. Vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1146-1159, doi: 10.1016/j.joi.2018.09.003.
33. Gleditsch, K. (2025). How Can a Strong Environment Foster Better Research? Reflections on the 60th Anniversary of the University of Essex. European Political Science. No. 24, pp. 688-705, doi: 10.1057/s41304-025-00523-x.
Review
JATS XML





















