The new classification of scientific majors for which academic degrees are awarded and the amendments to the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”, which came into force on September 1, 2021, have significantly changed the list of scientific majors and the status of postgraduate studies. There is a need to establish the correspondence between scientific and pedagogical personnel training directions in postgraduate studies and scientific majors of the Classification 2021, in which academic degrees are awarded. The article presents an analysis of the adapting document “Fields of training in the postgraduate studies of OKSO 2016 – Scientific majors/branches of science of the Classification 2021” and considers measures on the way to reorganize the system of training and certification of academic degree holders.

The article analyzes the statistical data relating to training specialists for digitalized economy by secondary vocational and higher education institutions. The purpose of the study was to develop and test personnel support indices for digitalization of the economy, as well as to identify social and economic factors that significantly affect the level of personnel support for the processes of digital transformation of the economy. The authors applied data from the official statistical reporting of the Russian Federation. The proposed staffing indices were modeled as objective functions depending on socio-economic factors characterizing the development of the economy in different dimensions. At the same time, the indices themselves were calculated as values in which the parameters of the output of digital specialists and their relevance in the economy were correlated. In the course of the study, a comparison of statistical and neural network data modeling methods and generalizing indices was performed. An analysis of the obtained regression models and an analysis of the sensitivity of trained neural networks made it possible to evaluate their accuracy in predicting the trends in the staffing of the digital economy and to identify factors that significantly affect the achievement of the goal of matching the output of specialists and the demands of economic sectors.

The paper focuses on substantiating the institutional significance of the humanitarian component of University education and demonstrating opportunities for its implementation through non-profit activities of the University community. Transition to the new technological order accentuates the relevance of new personal and communicative competencies formed on the basis of education in humanities. Humanitarization is a priority task, which is reflected in the University education practices in the United States and European countries. The idea of upbringing a humanitarianly educated and humanitarianly oriented personality is declared in the discourses of the world leading Universities’ missions, whose activities are aimed at achieving public good for the society and its sustainable development. Russian documents and discussions on higher education emphasize the importance of humanitarization, but in practice, the humanitarian component in Russian universities is clearly being underestimated. In our opinion, this is due to the fact that humanitarization means mainly the strengthening of the cognitive element of University programs – the expansion of humanitarian specialties and humanitarian courses, but socially oriented University practices are not taken into account. Meanwhile, humanitarization includes both the translation of humanitarian knowledge and values – the strategic goals of the development of society, the state, the region, and the activity-based approbation of the knowledge gained in extra-curricular practices.

Humanitarization of higher education is considered in the article from the standpoint of social and philosophical analysis, within the ontological aspect as a mode of being of an institutionally organized human activity on knowledge production and translation, which has closely been expressed in creating University 3.0, as well as in the idea and discourse of the third mission of University. The third mission sufficiently strengthens its emphasis on the anthropological and social function – orientation of University activities towards the genesis of a creative personality and the increased good for society. The goal of achieving the good is explicitly present in those social practices that are aimed at participating in the life of society without direct commercial gain and is implemented outside the University. The article examines the main types of socio-humanitarian practices in universities in Western countries.

The article discusses the behavioral strategies of students of regional Russian universities, focused on achieving educational success. The situation of uncertainty in modern higher education is shown as a social context that determines the variability of students’ behavioral strategies. A factor that has a significant impact on the phenomenon under study is the change in the views of the main educational communities (teachers and students) about educational success: the expansion of the range of its components, differentiation among different groups of students, orientation to non-educational benefits and values that can be obtained by university graduates in the future at the expense of educational capital. Based on the data of an empirical study conducted in the universities of the Sverdlovsk region in 2019-2021, the characteristic of behavioral strategies for achieving educational success implemented by students of Ural universities is given. It is noted that strategies for achieving success in education begin to be formed in the pre-university period, as part of the transition from school to university. It is concluded that during the university period, in response to new goals and learning difficulties, different groups of students develop four types of behavioral strategies – traditional, innovative, imitation, and «withdrawal» strategies.

Although assessment is integral to education, it is quite uncommon to be a focal point of complex educational innovations. Unlike schools, which employ a range of continuous formative assessment procedures, universities commonly rely on summative methods that are likely to be discrete and reluctant to students’ needs and experiences. Based on the study of 20 foreign and Russian research papers, this article analyzes the formative assessment practices that are found to be employed in universities. The analysis provides the results that shows the gaps between formative assessment concepts employed by Russian and English-writing authors. The study concludes that the two conceptualizations differ most prominently in how formativesummative procedures are divided, the formative feedback is accomplished, and participativity is provided.

The article addresses the importance of introducing individual educational paths (IEP) in training research and pedagogical personnel in postgraduate studies. The idea of an individual approach of learning is enshrined in a number of documents including the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”. However, in practice, there are obstacles to the implementation of IEP: the presence of regulatory documents governing the organization of the educational process in higher education, the predominance of the group form of organizing classes, the unpreparedness of teachers for the implementation of the personalized learning model. We find it reasonable to start the implementation of IEP at the level of postgraduate training, given the relative small number of students, as well as their cognitive independence and well-developed educational skills. The design of the IEP will make it possible to better take into account the initial competencies of postgraduate students, their cognitive needs and goals in further career advancement (orientation towards teaching, research, production activities), which are largely determined by the nature and level of professional education.

The article reveals the specifics of the training of research and pedagogical personnel in the postgraduate study of a technical university, identifies the factors that have an impact on the way postgraduate students build their learning trajectories, substantiates the principles of IEP design, and describes the stages of personalized learning technology. The research data on the readiness of postgraduate students to design IEP on their own are presented. The results of the survey of post graduate students and their supervisors indicate that there are sufficient grounds for the successful implementation of a personalized learning model using IEP. Postgraduate students of a technical university are well versed in information resources, actively use University’s services of the electronic educational environment. They are able to determine the goals of educational and scientific activities, assess their competencies, and analyze achievements and failures. Most of scientific advisors are ready to assist postgraduate students in IEP designing. The article analyzes the difficulties that universities may encounter when introducing a new teaching model, and substantiates the conditions for the successful implementation of IEP in postgraduate studies.

The status, subject area and structure of engineering pedagogy are still at the center of the academic and scientific community. It develops as a professional pedagogy section, although it tended to be viewed as an educational module, as a field of teacher practical activity. The role of engineering pedagogy in developing engineering thinking should become increasingly important, taking into account the integration processes – inter-disciplinary, inter-subject, trans-professional, and the transformations in the industrial sphere in general and in engineering in particular. The transfer of its accumulated experience and ideas to new application areas can enrich other branches of knowledge with ideas, principles and cognitive approaches. Both methods of acquiring scientific knowledge and heuristic and practical technologies are equally essential for the system of continuous fundamental engineering and technical education development. Engineering pedagogy’s goals revision and clarification lead to a multidimensional space for engineering thinking development, including training of engineering educators for a lifelong learning system. Based on the general foundations and laws of pedagogy, three measurements of engineering pedagogy enable to reveal its interdisciplinary strategy in different subject areas. Engineering pedagogy can participate in various formats– as teacher training technology both for school and university teachers.

The article addresses the expert methods for developing the graduates’ professional competencies in specialty programs in the conditions of predetermined specializations within particular specialties in the absence of professional standards. The authors analyze the features of obtaining and processing data from experts, which are specialists in this field of professional activity. Special attention is paid to expert commission forming using the expert competence criteria and the cost of the survey. Based on the developed expert method, a comparative analysis on the importance of professional competencies of specialists in the chosen field of activity is carried out. The authors propose a method of matching the experts’ assessments obtained as a result of the survey. The article finds that it is necessary to include formalized procedures for the development of the graduates’ professional competencies in the indicative basic educational program.

Modern China is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. This success has been achieved thanks to the creation of technological enterprises and the widespread introduction of innovations aimed at increasing labor productivity and making efficient use of other factors of production. China is undergoing a transformation in its economic growth environment. As an important force of technological progress, which is the key to transforming a country’s economy, it is human capital, and its foundation is high-quality education. Moreover, one of the main priorities of the Chinese Government is to build the “national scientific force” in the hope that China will make breakthroughs in advanced economic fields. Therefore, the development of the system of postgraduate professional education, including the training of undergraduates and doctoral students, is a top priority.

This article gives a brief introduction to the history of the development of postgraduate professional education in China, shows the features of its formation, significant events and achievements obtained at each stage of the scientific training system formation. There is a detailed analysis of the processes taking place at the present stage, which began in 2010. The Chinese Government plays a primary role in establishing a competitive national system of postgraduate education.

Based on data from the Ministry of Education of China, official statistics, publications that are publicly available on the Chinese Internet, and scientific articles published in leading world publications, the article shows how the number of universities training undergraduates and doctoral students, the number and structure of students in various specialties have changed over the past decade. The article presents the modern project of national scientific training system reform.