The paper presents the universal models of learning trajectory and curriculum of scholarship training programs for research and teaching personnel of highly qualification. These models do not depend on the research area and the terms of learning. The authors propose guidelines how to fill up the Unit 1 with the disciplines (modules) and to determine the contents of pedagogical and research practical sessions on the basis ofprofessional standards. The paper also suggests the possible set of disciplines for State examination suitable for any area of training.

A specialist of any profession should acquire knowledge, skills and abilities in three areas in the process of training. The first area concerns the ensuring of the quality of relevant products (or services). Achieving this goal is the essence of a particular specialty. The second area is ensuring of effective management of organization, which produces these products (services). The third is ensuring of the requirements of all stakeholders including society. Joint achievement of the last two goals of the study may be promoted by the use of the principles and obtaining skills and techniques regulated by modern management standards.

The fight against plagiarism in educational organizations has has acquired a superfluous character. The originality level of a text has been chosen as a quality indicator of bachelor's thesis, while the completeness, logic and literacy of the exposition were relegated to a secondary position. In many cases, this is unreasonable, especially when it comes to specialties in which unambiguous language and citations of legislative and regulatory acts are required. Most of graduates' efforts are aimed at finding various linguistic methods that increase the uniqueness level of the paper. And this affects knowledge. Practical work also requires specialists who are ready to execute the already developed standards and not to interpret them. Thus, we need a change in the quality assessment approach to scientific papers. The article outlines the main provisions and proposals for the introduction of new approaches.

The fight against plagiarism in educational organizations has become exaggerated. The originality level of a text has been chosen as a quality indicator of the bachelor graduation theses, while the completeness, logic and literacy of the exposition were relegated to a secondary position. In many cases, this is unreasonable, especially when it comes to specialties in which unambiguous language and citations of legislative and regulatory acts are required. The efforts of the graduates are aimed at finding various linguistic methods that increase the uniqueness level of the paper. And this affects knowledge. Practical work also requires specialists who are ready to execute the already developed standards and not to interpret them. Thus, we need a change in the quality assessment approach to scientific papers. The article outlines the main provisions and proposals for the introduction of new approaches.

The article addresses the problem of corporate relation evolution in modern Russian Universities in the context of higher education system reforming. The corporate relations are characterized as a system of informal interrelations and interactions of colleagues where a personal factor plays the main role. It is noted that their development was traditionally defined by stability of organizational structure of Universities, uniformity of universities' collectives, isolation of institutions of higher education and their conservatism. Now these factors cease to work that means breaking of the corporate tradition and the actual elimination of Universities corporativism in the long term, which is connected with an introduction of virtual education systems.

The article focuses on the peculiarities of pedagogical knowledge in the context of its representation in a dialogue format, among them are: nonstability of terminological apparatus; plurality of interpretation of main positions and terms; cognitive barriers; inefficient patterns of thinking; methodological problems related to the difficulties of transition from general theoretical propositions to practical recommendations. The authors dwell on the informational, reflective, and constructive aspects of a dialogue, show interdependence between these aspects. Also the paper views polylogue as a scientific communication strategy in educational research community.

The round table discussion of the journal Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii (Higher Education in Russia) took place on March 14, 2017 within the framework of Humanities Readings at Russian State University for the Humanities. The key theme - the model of the modern research journal in various aspects: philological (academic writing, IMRaD), philosophical (criteria of scholarly publication), historical and cultural, economical. The participants have touched upon such issues as interrelations between an author and an editor, types of peer review, the epistemological model of editor's activities, assessment of research activities, scientific communication. Special attention was paid to academic writing and suitability of IMRaD format for Humanities papers, scientometrics.

The article offers a topological perspective on social networks created by universities, which are oriented towards commercialization ofintellectual activity and promotion ofin-novation. The perspective is based on the achievements of social topology as well as application of the basics of mathematical topology and methodology for building ideal-type constructs. The author reveals theoretical and methodological fundamentals of the procedures for establishing real network design, which is considered one of the algorithms of social topology application in the framework of network approach. Real network design rests upon identification of informational blocks called network descriptors, which, in their turn, are divided into static and dynamic ones. The present article centres upon static descriptors, which are divided into identification and structural descriptors. A set of their characteristics is described. The networks with university participation are studied with regard to the applied methodology. The author outlines the features, which are necessary for effective creation of innovative ecosystem of a university.

The paper focuses on studying and systematization ofthe activity ofeducational institutions in the field ofcreation and development the system of practice-oriented scientific and technical creativity of students and pupils in engineering fields. The scientific and educational environment of universities in general was chosen as the object of study. The purpose of the analysis was to identify all types of structural units and the communities of enthusiasts, which contribute to the development of scientific and technical creativity of the youth and the development of engineering education. The article analyzes such aspects as the university structures, which provide the base for scientific and technical clubs, the target audience of students, system of curators, areas of activity, forms and methods of work, types used in club activities. The analysis was performed on the results of the monitoring of their activity, which was for the first time held in the framework of the project "Development and implementation ofthe method for improvement the efficiency ofactivity ofpractice-oriented scientific and technical clubs of creative development of students and pupils."

The article presents the results ofsociological survey of PhD students and expert interviews with the heads ofPhD programs at the Universities, which participate in the Russian Academic Excellence Program. The authors compare ideas of administrators and students about PhD education in modern Russia. Five "myths" which are commonly represented by the heads ofPhD programs are distinguished: (1) PhD students do not consider their PhD programs as educational; (2) significant number of PhD students enter University in order to get a draft determent or place in student dormitory; (3) PhD education is for those who want to be scholars; (4) the employment in his/her university is good for both: PhD student and university; (5) the employment hinders PhD education. The authors show that there are significant mismatches between the ideas of administrators and PhD students. The most serious mismatches are observed for such aspects as: obstacles for PhD education, planned carrier trajectories and interrelation between work and education.

The article highlights the versatile activities of I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University. The priority area and the main vector of its development today is training specialists for the formation ofterritorial innovation and technological cluster, the realization ofthe Program for long-term development of electric-power industry in Chuvash Republic, participation in the project for raising the energy efficiency in the region. The paper shows the leading role of the University in the organization ofthe system of higher education, especially in formation ofthe unique continual engineering training system for the youth, coordination and methodical provision ofthis system activity.

The article addresses the organizational issues of training highly qualified specialists for innovative productions solving the tasks of the national technological initiative EnergyNet. The authors dwell on the creating ofthe regional system ofplanning and management ofspecialist training on the basis of state and private partnership, integration of science, education and production.

The key theme of the article is the development of engineering on the basis of higher educational institutions in the framework ofscientific knowledge and technology transfer in the real sector of the economy. The authors dwell on the activities of Cheboksary engineering centre for transport and agricultural machinery created on the basis of the Chuvash state University.

This article presents the current state ofuniversity international cooperation, discusses the issues concerning internationalization of education, formulates the main problems of cooperation with foreign partners and suggests options for their solution. Among the main challenges Chuvash State University faces today is the formation of a unique university's brand, integration into international education and research market, promotion of the research results and findings to the world scientific community.

The article substantiates the necessity ofcareer guidance work organization at multidisciplinary regional university. The paper formulates the goals and main tasks of this activity. The authors describe the work of the Career guidance center and the Center for work with gifted youth of the Chuvash State University on the following projects: "University Saturdays", "University for Children", "Engineering Classes", "Minor physical and mathematical faculty of the ChSU", "Teachers - to Production". The article sums up the unique experience ofholding Olympiads and creative project competitions for schoolchildren in cooperation with innovative enterprises ofthe Chuvash Republic.

Extra-curricular educational work plays an important role in the formation of professional competences and civic, general cultural qualities of students. The article presents the experience of organization and management of extra-curricular educational work at Ulianov Chuvash State University. The author dwells on the activity of the curators' school and the projects and programs realized at the University in the areas ofthe spiritual, moral and patriotic education of students.

The paper has been prepared on the basis of its authors' great experience in working in various areas at a technical university. It represents the result of long-term research and reflections on improving the legal support for engineering activities through developing the new forms of interaction between legal experts and engineers or between teaching staff and the management of engineering universities. The authors estimate the conventional approaches to organizing the teaching of future engineers legal disciplines as non-complying with the requirements of the modern engineering activities, and propose both to revise the contents of the existing courses and modify the organizational set-up of universities. Particularly, they propose to depart from traditional dividing into socio-humanistic and technical chairs and create an interdisciplinary department. Teaching legal disciplines at an engineering university is, in our opinion, necessary and actual. However, they should be taught focusing on developing legal literacy in students as future experts in engineering. This would require retraining the teachers of law, their active interaction with the representatives of engineering sciences, and conducting relevant scientific and applied research. Training of humanities majors studying at engineering universities should be transformed in a similar way: They have to acquire the basics ofengineering knowledge to increase their competitiveness on the labour market.

The paper substantiates the need to strengthen the practical orientation of engineering education in modern socio-economic conditions. The paper shows that introduction of context-related tasks during classroom hours correspond to the implementation of practice-oriented approach. The paper gives the examples of applied tasks in training of engineers that illustrate how general educational and general technical disciplines are associated with the features ofprofessional activity of a future optoelectronics engineer. The authors mark out the competences of technical students that may be formed in the process ofsolving contextual tasks with interdisciplinary content. It is noted that the reflection in the task content the real life situations relating to the future profession increases students' motivation to learn and acquire competencies.

The article explores the structure and the main directions of the development of the education system of the People's Republic of China. The main types of education in China are considered: preschool, initial, average and higher. The author dwells on the structure of professional education and the conditions of its receiving, describes the levels and conditions of the organization of the system of higher and postgraduate education: specialist, bachelor, master, doctor. Features of education of adults in China are revealed. The paper highlights the main directions of education development in China on the 13th five-year period (2016-2020) such as: standardization of schools which carry out compulsory nine-year education, promoting of high school education of the senior step, development of inclusive kindergartens, development of cooperation between the enterprises and educational institutions, creation of world-class higher education institutions and the first-class science, development ofcontinuous education, further training ofteaching staff, education informatization, development of the international educational cooperation.