Vocational guidance at school and at university has today be substantially advanced to support forestall education because of fast accelerating development in science and technology. This paper presents some new forms of such vocational guidance activities generated by the experience of National Research Lobachevski State University ofNizhni Novgorod (UNN). These activities are university educational cluster, university school, university «Science Park», student's Forum «Career+», projects «The Path of Success», «School of Career Development», «Primary Academy of State Governance ». The article also characterizes UNN contribution into Russian School Olympic Movement and into support programs for talented children. Implementation of all such projects involving students and schoolchildren from many educational establishments generates the need in providing mass participation of university partners-employers. As a result, the university has to control the vast emerging dynamic network that requires some new style of management.

The Triple Helix model is that the potential for innovation and economic development in a Knowledge Society lies in a more prominent role for the university and in the hybridization of elements from university, industry and government to generate new institutional and social formats for the production, transfer and application of knowledge. This vision encompasses not only the creative destruction that appears as a natural innovation dynamics (Schumpeter, 1942), but also the creative renewal that arises within each of the three institutional spheres of university, industry and government, as well as at their intersections. The problem of interaction of the state, business and scientific community is actualized on the basis of recognition the system lagging of social and economic development of Russia from the other countries. This is confirmed by very modest positions taken by Russia in various international ratings. The possible solution of this problem in a format of «a social triangle of action » is offered: public-private partnership in case of implementation of investment projects, use of «Triple Helix» model in case of implementation of innovative projects and staffing based on professional educational standards of the new generation.

The article deals with the methodology of analysis of the current higher education state. The two main descriptive critical strategies are highlighted: transcendent and immanent ones. The immanent strategy is implemented in two forms, those of "realistic" and "linguistically mediated" criticism, each of them being related to a specific definition of the educational situation. The definition of the educational situation is a base condition for the organization of the pedagogical order, its eventfulness and practical repercussions. The author substantiates the necessity of criticizing the language of the higher school pedagogy.

The article discusses the problem of the prestige loss of the university teacher profession, postgraduate academic degrees and titles. The main reasons for lowering the prestige of the key components of educational environment quality have been identified. A slow increase in social status of pedagogical and scientific workers of educational and scientific organizations has been marked out. The increasing complexity and diversity of university teachers' activities are highlighted. The author comes to a conclusion that special road map is needed to raise the university teachers' prestige and social status. The academic community should initiate developing the complex measures aimed at creating the new legal and normative provision of a university teacher's activities in the new social and economic conditions.

The article focuses on the main causes of the "weaknesses" in the system of higher education. The analysis of the requirements to pedagogical activities shows that these causes relate to various factors including new regulatory framework for educational programs, late submission of information about current changes, changes in the type of students' activities, etc. Some of the ways to change the pedagogical activities in higher education were identified and classified. These ways called 3C system (communication, cooperation, construction) will lead to more efficient educational process based on interactive ways of working with students in order to form their practical experience.

This paper gives the analysis of social interaction of students. Methods of mathematical modeling of networks, Graph Theory, and Statistics were used. The research of the personal pages in the social network «VKontakte » of full-time courses students of Vladimir branch of the Russian University of Cooperation was conducted to illustrate the methods. The proposed approach enables to reveal students with the developed social and cognitive competences, high level of consciousness and advanced in the intellectual development. The special organization of the activity of such students will increase the efficiency of training process at University.

The article describes the results of the implementation of the road map, produced by the Government of Russian Federation, concerning the increase of remuneration of academic staff of higher education institutions. It is shown that in 2016, the specified parameter was 123% compared to the planned 200% in 2017. The assessment of the necessary financial subsidies for access to the set standard is made in the article and it is argued that these subsidies are unrealistic for the current budget deficit. In this regard, it is concluded that the increase in the salaries of the teaching staff of the universities will be at the expense of their reduction, and this within the current model of education creates so-called trap of classroom hours, which does not to maintain the quality of education. To overcome this situation, it is proposed to introduce a new model of higher education, which combines traditional classroom system load and the system of distance education.

The motivation to get higher education has a significant impact on the development of students' professional competencies. The purpose of the article was to identify the main students' motives for receiving higher education and to analyze dynamics of the motivation from the first-year study to the final year. The method of direct ranking was used. The leading motives for getting higher education for freshmen and for graduates are the following: to ensure a good financial position in the future and to become a good professional. The least magnitude for both categories of respondents have such motives as a free student life and a diploma as a document. The importance of the motives "to enhance the cultural level" and "the possibility to develop worldview" has significantly increased during the training period, while the significance of the motives «to become a respected person, to raise social status» and «to become a leader and to have power » has decreased.

The article addresses the development of the requirements for educational and methodical support of higher school educational activities. The goal of research is to characterize the evolution of the educational program (functionality, structure, use, publishing implementation) in the context of changes of the requirements for the organization and content of higher education in Russia. It is concluded that a refusal to regiment the content of disciplines is a general vector of development of educational and methodical support of the system today. At the same time there is a formalization of the requirements for the structure of the work discipline program, which ensures coherence between all the elements into an integral whole system. This process acquires particular importance in development and implementation of the current Federal State Educational Standards of higher education.

The article presents the experience of using the method of peer review by higher school students. One of the common definitions of peer review is a «mutual assessment» and «assessment of colleagues». Peer review is used in various spheres, including education (especially remote, online-education). On the basis of the reviews prepared by the students after the completion of the course «Sociology of Employment» (2013-2015), the author analyzes the possibilities and limitations of this method. The advantages of the method are the reflection of the task and requirements to its fulfilling, the greater responsibility, the better quality ofanalytic work, objectivity in assessment ofcolleagues' intellectual product, mastering of academic writing. Nevertheless, the positive effect of peer review in the organization of individual work may be reduced by excessive labour input in its implementation. The author offers advice on the implementation of the mutual review into the practice of teaching and the organization of higher school students' individual study.

The article addresses the issues of practical training of technical university students. Inadmissibility of focusing on forming exceptionally professional competences of students to the detriment of general and cultural competences is shown. This negatively affects the quality of graduates' training and their competitive advantages on the market. The authors suggest students' practical training to be regarded as a complex of academic studies in the form of contact work of students and teachers and individual work of students comprising not only academic and work experience internship but also seminar type classes and course proj ects of all educational disciplines, not only those connected with specialty. Some difficulties concerning students' practical training organization and their causes are analyzed. The authors dwell on the innovative forms of organization proper "poly-competent" practical training for technical students. Special recommendations on the effective use of their potential are given.

In the framework of the discourse on the MOOC influence on the higher education system the issues whose solution will contribute to overcoming the main MOOC problem namely students becoming less motivated to study are being analyzed. The role of MOOC in the higher education system is illustrated by the example of Scholarly Communication academic writing course included into the English for Research Publication Purposes Specialization available at the international MOOC platform Coursera. Possible criteria and MOOC analytics format on the basis of Scholarly Communication students' contingent statistical data monitoring are being discussed. The foundations of online courses students on MOOC platforms motivation increase are revealed and the ways of the given problem solution are suggested.

The purpose of the study is to identify strategic forms of organization of students' scientific work in a virtual environment. The study methods were the analysis of information about the advantages and disadvantages of Internet services and technologies and the generalized ICT practices in the organization of students' research work. The main results consist in positioning scientific creativity of students as a socially important component of professional training at University that promotes personal and professional development of students. The author proves the relevance of the organization of students' scientific work using the powerful potential of modern ICT and Internet technologies in conditions of general informatization of education. The paper shows the possibility of diversification of research activities of students in online space by means of Internet technologies using the potential of scientific social networking, blogs, forums, online conferences, online seminars, webinars, chat, email, multimedia technologies, direct contact technology, electronic and hybrid journals, institutional repositories, electronic preprints, personal pages, scientometric databases, electronic library catalogs, scientific electronic library. All these instruments can be effectively used in working with students.

The article considers the theoretical and methodological foundations for research practices applied while studying the Soviet period in the history ofRussia. The author reveals the methods of research of the Soviet reality and the channels of its influence on the modernity. He also defines the influence of the Soviet epoch symbols on the modern Russian daily occurrence. The author concludes that Russia will never go back to its Soviet past. But there has come into being a kind of stylistic model that presents such a return at the level of imitation.

The article considers the RSUH experience in its scientific activities. The strategic development of the University is aimed at satisfying the needs and demands of the Russian society and Russian state, along with providing the interdisciplinary innovative approaches which are gaining their strength in the world humanitarian knowledge. In other words, the RSUH mission is being realized at such levels as: 1) intercollegiate; 2) in the system of civil and public landmarks; 3) within the humanitarian contexts of Russian and world science. The author presents the model of the RSUH scientific efficiency which includes three groups of tasks. The first one is that of institutional tasks aimed at building an effective scientific structure and installing a qualified profile of a research scientist, along with providing suitable conditions for the faculty to make their scientific research. The second one deals with the interdisciplinary projects and international research. The third extends the RSUH educational mission ofpreserving intellectual traditions and historical memory, as well as reinforcing the value landmarks of Russia and the achievements of its culture and science.

The article focuses on philology as a scientific and educational project realized at the Institute of Philology and History of the Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH). The most important impetus to the creation and subsequent development of philological education in the RSUH was the idea of the fruitfulness of the comparative approach to the content of the educational process and to the research work supplying this content as well as the necessity to actualize the logic of the «general and special» in the formation of ideas about the development of culture and civilization. The institutionalization of comparative studies as a complex specialization - not only for philologists but also for historians, translators, theatre and cinema critics and experts - has already proven its heuristic value and educational effectiveness over the years.

The article focuses on the role of modern university for the humanities in the implementation of the important tasks in the field of enlightenment, social support, strengthening the role of the university in the implementation of the policy of «soft power» in Russia. The authors also explore the potential of the modern university in the development of public diplomacy. The particular emphasis is made on the important role of the development of cooperation between modern university and public authorities and interstate integration associations in the Eurasian space, taking into account the experience of RSUH in this field.

On the basis of archival materials and literature sources the article addresses the participation of students in the events of the First Russian revolution of 1905-1907. The study focuses on the problems of formation and development of students' and pupils' self-government, the essence of the demands of the youth in the area of public and academic arrangement, democratization of the education system. Owing to the experience in the sphere of political socialization, the Russian students could comprehend the essence of the monarchical system of Russia, evaluate the educational doctrine of the autocracy and the practical measures of the state in the sphere of public education and come to the idea of creation of a new school based on the principles of democracy and humanism.