Preview

Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia

Advanced search
Vol 27, No 3 (2018)
View or download the full issue Неозаглавлен ()

AREAS OF EDUCATION MODERNIZATION

5-15 862
Abstract

The paper focuses on the structure of the Russian engineering personnel training system. Multivariance of training in the condition of a choice of educational trajectory is shown. The authors dwell on the role of an independent evaluation of professional qualifications conducted within the framework of quality control of engineers’ qualification. For this purpose, Centers for Qualification Assessment are being created, which may play an important role in the Russian system of engineers’ qualification assessment. The requirements to these centers and possible evaluation procedures are described. The authors study the foreign experience of two-tier system for assessment quality of engineering personnel preparedness for professional work. The paper stresses the need to create modern funds for assessment the level of professional competencies agreed with employers in accordance with industry professional standards.
The authors recommend applying the joint experience of universities and enterprises in working out fund of assessment tools comprising situational tasks for the procedure of final attestation of graduates

16-22 335
Abstract

The article is a continuation of the series [1-4] devoted to the analysis of Nizhniy Novgorod Lobachevski University multidisciplinary cluster development, which aims at supporting forward education in the area of biomedicine and biotechnologies. This analysis serves as a basis for deriving some new approaches to manage the cluster evolution. Main emphasis is focused on the need of integration with multiple partners to attract the material and human resources for implementing the project. This integration results in interosculation of administrative (transformation of university structure) and project (networking) approaches to university management. Putting into
operation of a new building (25 thousand sq. m.) for the University center of innovative development provides facilities for spatial merger of the increasing number of administrative and network cluster nodes. This is an important step in the development of university innovation belt which characterizes the third generation university. The approaches to govern the whole cluster are under consideration.

23-37 604
Abstract

The article analyzes of results of the development of three  generations of federal state educational standards. The author dwells on their features and the principles of construction based on standardization of content of education and the requirements to learning results. Special attention is paid to the role of federal educational and methodical associations in the development of
educational standards, approximate educational programs, normative documents and methodical materials in the sphere of higher education. The author also considers the role and value of the
approximate main educational program and reveals the discrepancy between the status of the approximate main educational program as obligatory when developing programs of higher education  institutions, and the regulations of the legislation in the field of education

HIGHER EDUCATION: CRITICAL DISCOURSE

38-47 488
Abstract

This paper addresses the problems of conjugation between higher education and labor sphere, the nature of differences between qualifications of higher education and professional qualifications,
and the role of professional standards in solving these problems. It is noted that the Federal state educational standards of higher education do not fully correspond to the definition of graduate’s
qualification in the Federal Law №273-FZ of 29 December 2012 “On Education in the Russian Federation”, also as the professional standards do not correspond to workman’s qualification in the
Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The author shows that the “linking” or conjugation of higher education and labor sphere is a multicomponent problem and its solution is possible only with its
coordinated consideration from unified positions. To reach this result, the representatives of higher education and labor sphere should learn how to speak a single professional language while preserving departmental traditions and adhering the current labor and educational legislation. It is also necessary to work out a unified shareable glossary of terms that are at the intersection of education
and labor sphere. Then it is necessary to make adjustments to the existing regulatory documents and if necessary – to the legislative acts both in the education and the labor spheres. It may need
the Government Decree to regulate the work of various ministers and departments for developing the National Qualification System. It is important to determine the equivalence criteria for knowledge, skills and professional experience obtained in the formal, informal and spontaneous education, which are necessary to confirm applicant’ qualifications

48-58 606
Abstract

The article deals with one of the problems that Russian higher education faces in the process of introducing credit-modular system as the implementation of one of the principles of Bologna  Declaration. It is the problem of insufficient learner autonomy demonstrated by many Russian freshmen, which prevents them from being real subjects of their learning in general and of student-centered learning in particular. The author believes that the causes of this problem should be searched both in the specific features of the national way of thinking and in the peculiarities of the Russian traditional schooling. As the result of the research done, the author comes to the conclusion that the majority of Russian freshmen are not ready to study in the terms of credit-modular system because of the lack of necessary study skills and inability to work ndependently. Hence, the designers of new State educational standards of both secondary and higher education should focus their attention on the process of learner autonomy development

SOCIOLOGY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

60-69 854
Abstract

This article addresses the problem of pedagogical support within the process of foreign students’ sociocultural adjustment. Scientific interest to this theme is caused by the processes of  internationalization of higher education, the need to solve new tasks coming from intensification and expansion of international educational contacts. The authors specify the concept “pedagogical support” as applied to sociocultural adjustment of foreign students and characterize it in relation to interaction of different resources (personal, institutional, environmental). The paper distinguishes and describes criteria and the levels of foreign students’ sociocultural adjustment. Special attention is paid to the factors complicating the process of pedagogical support. The article analyzes the experience of the authors’ program “The Foreign Student in the Russian Higher Education Institution” implementation. The presented pedagogical techniques promoted the increase of foreign students’ level of sociocultural adjustment. The authors have experimentally confirmed the efficiency of the developed program and reasoned the conditions of its successful implementation: organizational and pedagogical promoting the development of various forms of socially important activities in the multicultural environment of higher education institution; methodical reflecting teachers’ and staff readiness to develop the process; administrative, acting as a consistent system of pedagogical interaction organization. The results obtained
can serve as a basis for justification and actualization of  technological approach in the process of sociocultural adjustment of foreign students at various levels of higher education.

70-84 321
Abstract

The article discusses the existing practice of faculty remuneration in private universities and the possible directions of its improvement. The author substantiates the thesis that this category of institutions of higher professional education, instead of implementing innovative and truly effective technologies to motivate faculty staff uses “pseudo market” approach – to keep their average earnings at a level slightly higher than the same level in state universities. The negative consequence of this strategic approach is personnel demotivation and decrease of loyalty level because the remuneration
schemes are unified and do not permit to take into consideration teacher’s individual achievements. The analysis shows that the existing faculty remuneration practice doesn’t ensure the balance between economic and social interests. The employers strive to get maximum efficiency from the faculty staff at minimal costs. The paper shows three possible models of faculty behavior in these conditions. All these models demonstrate personnel demotivation, which causes the loss of education quality. The paper gives recommendations for changing both the strategy and tactics of
motivation of private universities faculty based on the implementation of self-financing approach and the calculation of the ratio of teacher’s personal effectiveness.

ENGINEERING PEDAGOGY

85-95 1463
Abstract

The paper highlights the development of the International Society for Engineering Pedagogy (IGIP) during 45 years since its establishment and its entering into the international system of societies for engineering education. The authors also analyze the reports given at recent IGIP conferences on engineering education. These reports focus on the need of changing the content of engineering education in the framework of the “Agenda for sustainable development”, as well as teaching methods in the era of “digital technologies”. For the last years the IGIP conferences are being held conjointly with the ICL (Interactive Collaborative Learning) conferences. The participants of the conferences emphasize that the teamwork should be viewed as a basis for problem-oriented learning which is used in many technical universities all over the world. The widely implemented CDIO ideology also provides for teamwork. In conclusion the authors show the role of the Russian technical universities in the development of international integration of engineering education.

96-103 445
Abstract

The article explores the state of professional staff training in Russian higher education institutions in the conditions of transition to a two-tier “bachelor – master” system and suggests the ways for improvement of the process of undergraduate technical training in the current situation. The authors present a comparative analysis of foreign and domestic baccalaureate at the present stage and cover the main problems associated with the transition to a two-tier system “bachelor – master”. The article substantiates the importance of natural science disciplines in achieving the goal of undergraduate education – the formation of technical bachelor’s competences defined by the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education. The authors propose the model of undergraduate engineering education aimed at strengthening of its fundamentality based on qualitative education in natural sciences and general technical disciplines. Basing on their own experience, the authors consider the forms and methods of organization of learning the natural science disciplines on the example of teaching chemistry to technical students. These new forms will contribute to improving the quality of undergraduate training at technical university

TOPICAL THEME

105-112 417
Abstract

The paper reveals the logic of motivating function of values in relation to scientific and pedagogical staff of a University, substantiates the positive mutual influence of learning and educational processes. According to the four tier model of university organizational culture there are two channels for transmission and reproduction of university values – communicational and symbolic.
The value scope of Ukhta State Technical University includes eight value guidelines, which determine the main areas of educational work. As a tool for organization and monitoring the effectiveness
of the educational process at the University a model of “value-competence parallelepiped” was introduced. This model is a result of analytical amalgamation of two matrixes – matrix of general
competences and disciplines providing their formation and development and matrix of educational work at the University. Three dimensions of the model are formed by 1) a list of the main general
cultural competences, 2) a list of value guidelines for educational work, 3) the unified list of basic disciplines and principal forms of educational work the University carries out. The model of “valuecompetence parallelepiped” aims at attainment of the organic unity of learning programs, educational and extra-curricular work.
The University has carried out a number of cultural and social projects, which influenced greatly on the regional environment and community. This became the foundation for the realization of it’s
“third mission”. The University’s interaction model with community includes five areas such as con solidation of society, enlightenment, support, mobilization of society and branding. This work fosters University’s transformation into a centre of social development of Komi Republic. Participation of Ukhta State Technical University in global value competition and the potential of University’s socio-cultural projects boost the development of local and regional communities 

113-119 441
Abstract

The article discusses the use of value-competence based approach in designing and implementing university educational programs on an example of educational process in Ukhta State Technical University. The value-competence based approach is designed to provide training of highly professional specialists who are in demand by employers and are competitive in the labor market. The University aims at creating a convergent path for the implementation of learning and educational processes. A mandatory condition of value-competence based synergy in University educational environment is a focus on the conjunction of professional competencies and student’s personal values. As a result, students become active participants in the educational process

120-125 565
Abstract

In modern market conditions universities have to interact with multiple and diverse groups of the public. To enhance competitiveness, universities are transforming communication
policies into specific target audiences and new channels of communication. Therefore, the media support of the university, the creation and maintenance of its positive image require more attention from the management. The strategic importance and practical implementation of the university’s communication policy and the development of partnerships with the external environment determine the urgency of these issues for higher education in Russia at the present stage of professional education development. On the example of Ukhta State Technical University the authors view the
channels and tools of University’s communication in the context of its image global promotion. The University media centre and the Office of strategic communications serve as a main information
source. They inform the target audience by means of print media, TV news channel, University site, press release distribution, and social media. The other area of University’s communication policy is
sectoral media cooperation, participation in a special communicational project, which encompasses more than 60 universities and 90 industrial companies. The University also organizes special events that have different themes and scopes. The event marketing is an effective tool to boost its media image. The University positions itself as a socially oriented organization possessing the necessary infrastructure, professional and material resources for the development of business, science, sports, creative
initiatives, volunteering within the scope not only city and region but also the whole country

126-134 454
Abstract

The article considers the use of the brand potential of the territory as a tool to improve the efficiency of University’s information policy. The paper emphasizes the role of strategic guidelines for positioning University, which form the semantic “framework” of its information policy. These guidelines determine its systemic nature; become a semantic basis for the formation of University brand and an instrument of its adequate communication with the target audience and transmission of University values. The authors view the ways and methods of target audiences’ involvement in influence area of information policy strategic orientations. Based on A.F. Losev’s theory of symbol, the role of a symbolic event in territory or organization branding is revealed. On the example of the interpretation of historical fact and transformation of an image of the historical figure into the symbol, the paper shows the process and the logic of the University’s symbolic capital increment

135-143 463
Abstract

The article focuses on substantiating a number of didactic principles and content components of the course of philosophy for undergraduates and specialist degree students of technical majors.
The authors ground the interpretation of the subject and method of philosophy as a reflexive analysis of so called “inevitable” experience, and the values as its significant segment. The study of higher social values and the method of their analysis is considered as a key prerequisite for learning the discipline “management” by students, and, in particular, the theory of organizational culture, which can be viewed as a basis for the development of future bachelors’ and specialists’ managerial competencies. The authors dwell on the key role of philosophy in the study and acceptance of a certain worldview paradigm. The themes “Civilization approach” and “Russian philosophy” are presented as instruments for the content integration of classroom and extracurricular forms of students’ patriotic education

HIGHER SCHOOL PEDAGOGY

144-152 544
Abstract

The article considers the characteristics of master’s degree studies in education as a separate stage of University education which distinguish them from bachelor’s programs. It also presents the results of a poll conducted among master’s students, which make it possible to draw a portrait of a student, find out his motivation for learning, his expectations, impressions, difficulties, and the effects of the first months of training. An average age of students is 34 years, most of them work as teachers. They are pedagogues-practitioners with different records of work. But there is a large category of students who don’t have a Bachelor’s degree in education. The survey shows that this group experiences perceptible difficulties and needs individual programs and formats of learning. The group of teachers with long records of work experiences more difficulties than the young ones as they have already lost their learning skills to a large extent. The students have marked out the educational effects of the first months of training such as reflexivity, a kind of uncertainty, mismatch, mistiming. This is caused by a fact that the ordinary state is being replaced with the situation of cognitive
dissonance, reflective trap which becomes a high-power impulse for further self-development. The paper also discusses the methods of active learning and views the models of organization of collaborative activities between teacher and students and substantiates the need to replace the authoritarian model of interaction between professor and master’s degree students with the one based on communication, cooperation and designing. This model implies the dual position of a teacher – as an organizer and a participant of communication. The most suitable technology to realize studentcentered learning is problem-based learning.

153-162 353
Abstract

Today’s major challenge facing the construction industry is a widespread implementation of building information modeling technologies (BIM-technologies). In order achieve this goal
the task of training personnel with new thinking should be solved. The paper discusses the requirements to specialists capable of promoting information modeling technologies in the construction industry. When preparing students majoring in “Construction” it is necessary to introduce innovative educational technologies aimed at developing students ‘ teamwork skills, IT competencies, as well as
readiness to carry out design based on spatial modeling. Graphic training is the first academic major for construction students. As a part of professional training, it is important to create a learning environment that is close to real working conditions. The authors adduce the examples of practice-oriented learning tasks based on the project method that students are suggested to perform in the course of self-dependent work. An innovative aspect in the
development of individual tasks is the ability to carry out projects using 3D modeling



Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 0869-3617 (Print)
ISSN 2072-0459 (Online)